渔业阴谋 Seaspiracy(2021)(EN)Subtitles

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1 00:00:21 [suspenseful music playing]
2 00:00:25 [water splashing]
3 00:00:42 [man in Thai] When ships arein the middle of the ocean…
4 00:00:47 …where problems occur…
5 00:00:50 they can throw you overboard
6 00:00:53 into the sea.
7 00:00:55 It is dangerous for youto make this documentary.
8 00:00:59 There are many risks.
9 00:01:05 [sirens blaring]
10 00:01:08 [in Thai]If you're scared of dying, go home.
11 00:01:34 [mid-tempo guitar music playing]
12 00:01:36 My name is Ali.
13 00:01:38 That's me.
14 00:01:39 And for as long as I can remember,
15 00:01:41 I've been fascinatedwith dolphins and whales.
16 00:01:46 My obsession with the ocean, though,
17 00:01:48 was really bornout of watching documentaries
18 00:01:51 from people like Jacques Cousteau,
19 00:01:53 David Attenborough, and Sylvia Earle.
20 00:01:57 Watching their films opened upa whole new world for me,
21 00:02:01 filled with an abundance of beauty,
22 00:02:03 color, and life.
23 00:02:06 I would dream of one day exploringour thriving seas
24 00:02:09 just like they did.
25 00:02:11 Capturing imagesof all the extraordinary wildlife
26 00:02:14 that lived beneath the waves.
27 00:02:18 After finishing college,I'd been working on other documentaries,
28 00:02:21 but at 22, I was readyto embark on making my own film
29 00:02:24 on just how incredible the oceans were.
30 00:02:31 It's home for up to 80%of all life on Earth.
31 00:02:35 And with the vast majority of our seasstill unexplored till this day,
32 00:02:39 for me, the oceans werean indestructible source of inspiration.
33 00:02:46 But not long into starting the project,
34 00:02:48 this romantic vision that I always hadof the ocean completely changed.
35 00:02:53 [reporter 1] …beached whale foundoff the country's coast earlier this week
36 00:02:56 had more than 30 plastic bagsinside its stomach.
37 00:02:59 [reporter 2] It's the 29th whale of thisspecies to become stranded across Europe
38 00:03:03 in the last two weeks.
39 00:03:04 This represents the largeststranding episode in the last 100 years.
40 00:03:07 -[reporter 3] …washed up on a beach…-[reporter 4] In the UK, 4 others died
41 00:03:10 in a number of beachings nearbyin recent days…
42 00:03:14 [Ali] When news started coming inof whales washing up on beaches,
43 00:03:17 even along the Southeast coastof England where I lived,
44 00:03:20 I was forced to confronta side of the story I never knew.
45 00:03:23 A story of just how huge our impacton the seas had become.
46 00:03:28 These animals washing upwith their stomachs filled with plastic
47 00:03:31 was devastating not onlybecause of their incredible intelligence,
48 00:03:37 but because they even helpkeep the entire ocean alive.
49 00:03:41 When dolphins and whalesreturn to the surface to breathe,
50 00:03:43 they fertilize tiny marine plantsin the ocean called phytoplankton,
51 00:03:47 which every year absorb four timesthe amount of carbon dioxide
52 00:03:51 than the Amazon rain forest does,
53 00:03:53 and generates up to 85%of the oxygen we breathe.
54 00:03:58 So in a world concerned with carbonand climate change,
55 00:04:02 protecting these animalsmeant protecting the entire planet.
56 00:04:06 The way I saw it wasif dolphins and whales die,
57 00:04:09 the ocean dies.
58 00:04:10 And if the ocean dies, so do we.
59 00:04:12 But with so many whales washing up dead,the future looked bleak.
60 00:04:17 Plastic was invading every last cornerof the world's seas,
61 00:04:20 with huge floating garbage patchesaccumulating in the middle of the ocean,
62 00:04:24 like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
63 00:04:27 In fact, today,
64 00:04:28 the equivalentof a garbage truckload of plastic
65 00:04:31 is dumped in the sea every single minute,
66 00:04:34 joining the over 150 million tonsalready floating there.
67 00:04:39 But this plastic breaks down into smallerand smaller pieces known as microplastics,
68 00:04:44 which now outnumber the starsin the Milky Way galaxy
69 00:04:47 by at least 500 times,
70 00:04:49 and is seeping into every living creaturein the ocean.
71 00:04:52 Essentially, our oceanshave turned into a toxic plastic soup.
72 00:04:57 And worst of all,I was a massive part of the problem.
73 00:05:01 Although I signed petitionsand subscribed to ocean newsletters,
74 00:05:05 I did nothing to actually protectwhat I loved.
75 00:05:08 So from then on,
76 00:05:09 I did what any self-respectingJacques Cousteau wannabe would do.
77 00:05:12 I became the plastic police.
78 00:05:15 I donated to every ocean charity I could.
79 00:05:19 [mouse clicking]
80 00:05:20 Attended beach cleanups,
81 00:05:22 and carried reusable cutleryand a drink bottle wherever I went.
82 00:05:26 My mission was simple.
83 00:05:27 Stop the world from usingplastic toothbrushes,
84 00:05:29 straws, cutlery, bottles, bags,
85 00:05:32 or anything single-use plastic.
86 00:05:34 And I was gonna stop at nothinguntil my message was heard.
87 00:05:37 -[line ringing]-[woman] Seaside Fish and Chips.
88 00:05:39 Yeah, hi. My name's Ali.
89 00:05:41 I'm just wonderingif you'd swap out your plastic straws
90 00:05:43 'cause it's killing whalesand baby sea turtles.
91 00:05:46 [phone disconnects]
92 00:05:47 Hello?
93 00:05:48 But that didn't stop mefrom tackling this plague of plastic.
94 00:05:51 So, this is my first beach.In just one hour,
95 00:05:54 I've been able to collectthree whole bags full of plastic trash.
96 00:05:57 There's takeaway food packaging,
97 00:05:59 there's cutlery, there's straws,there's everything.
98 00:06:02 I even found Nemo.
99 00:06:04 Onto the next beach.
100 00:06:07 But no matter what beach I went to
101 00:06:09 or how much I collected,
102 00:06:11 there was always more plastic,and more animals washing up.
103 00:06:14 After months of this,
104 00:06:16 and as I began to wonder if this reallywas the best way to save marine life,
105 00:06:19 I came across this.
106 00:06:22 Japan has confirmed it will resumecommercial whale hunting,
107 00:06:26 and is withdrawing fromthe International Whaling Commission.
108 00:06:29 [reporter] The country's whaling fleetset sail for the Antarctic last Tuesday.
109 00:06:33 Tokyo says it plans to killdespite a worldwide ban.
110 00:06:37 [Ali] So, this is the newsI woke up to today.
111 00:06:40 The Japanese government want toresume whaling in the Antarctic again.
112 00:06:43 I knew that dolphins and whaleswere dying accidentally from plastic,
113 00:06:46 but I never dreamedthat they'd be targeted on purpose
114 00:06:49 by an industry I thoughtonly existed in the history books.
115 00:06:53 I did some research and found there's beenan international whaling ban since 1986.
116 00:06:58 However, several countries have operatedunder the radar for years,
117 00:07:01 most notoriously, though, is Japan.
118 00:07:04 Logistically, it was extremely challengingto film or do anything
119 00:07:08 about the whaling in Antarctica.
120 00:07:10 But I found there was one placein the south of Japan
121 00:07:13 where this industry could still be seenoperating from the coast,
122 00:07:16 in a place called Taiji,
123 00:07:18 where each year over 700 dolphinsand small whales are herded into a cove
124 00:07:23 for slaughter.
125 00:07:24 I wanted to find out
126 00:07:25 just how big of a threatJapan's whaling practices were
127 00:07:28 compared to plastic.
128 00:07:31 So I set up a meetingwith one of the few activists
129 00:07:33 who'd been involved in this issuefor years, a guy named Ric O'Barry.
130 00:07:38 The Japanese governmentgo through a lot of trouble
131 00:07:40 to make surethat people don't know about this.
132 00:07:44 If you went there,and you didn't know what you were doing,
133 00:07:47 you could get arrested,and you could be in jail a very long time.
134 00:07:50 Because they're tryingto get rid of people
135 00:07:52 who are opposed to their war on dolphins.
136 00:07:55 When you first show up in Taiji,
137 00:07:57 immediately, the police are on you.
138 00:08:00 They're at your hotel.They're following you everywhere you go.
139 00:08:03 You got the Yakuza,you got the right wing,
140 00:08:05 you got the government, the fishermen,you got everybody against you.
141 00:08:09 The room is bugged,the telephone is bugged.
142 00:08:11 The televisionis actually photographing you
143 00:08:13 while you're in your room.
144 00:08:15 So you ask what, how--What happens when you go to Taiji?
145 00:08:18 Just know that all of those peopleare watching you,
146 00:08:21 and they are trying to figure out,
147 00:08:23 "How do we take these people out?"
148 00:08:25 [Ali] But if it's so risky to go,
149 00:08:27 and there are other issuesaffecting the entire ocean,
150 00:08:30 like plastic washing up everywhere,then why go to Taiji?
151 00:08:33 Showing up in Taiji with a camerais extremely important.
152 00:08:36 If we can't fix this,
153 00:08:38 what are you talking about,saving the ocean?
154 00:08:41 How can you do that?You can't even fix this.
155 00:08:43 This is the size of a football field.
156 00:08:45 [suspenseful music playing]
157 00:08:47 [Ali] My head was stillfilled with questions,
158 00:08:49 but with the dolphin hunt just starting,
159 00:08:51 I knew that figuring outwhat was going on in Taiji
160 00:08:53 would give me a better understandingof the bigger picture
161 00:08:56 of how to save the ocean.
162 00:08:57 Either I stayed home picking up trashon beaches all day,
163 00:09:00 or take a risk and find outif there was a bigger threat to the sea.
164 00:09:05 So I dropped all my other projects,
165 00:09:07 packed my camera bags,convinced my partner Lucy to join me,
166 00:09:11 and with the mission to exposewhat was truly happening to our oceans,
167 00:09:15 got the next flight out to Japan.
168 00:09:17 [suspenseful music continues]
169 00:09:37 [siren wailing]
170 00:09:44 [officer] Where are you going today?
171 00:09:46 [Ali] Oh, we just arrived.We're just visiting the area.
172 00:09:48 [officers speaking Japanese]
173 00:09:55 -[officer 2 in English] Holiday?-Holiday. Yeah.
174 00:09:58 Drive safe.
175 00:09:59 Thank you.
176 00:10:01 What the hell?
177 00:10:04 From that point on,we had an entourage of police,
178 00:10:07 secret service, undercover cops,
179 00:10:09 and the coast guardfollowing us everywhere.
180 00:10:12 [ominous music playing]
181 00:10:16 [phone buzzing]
182 00:10:20 Is it the police?
183 00:10:22 [Lucy] Yeah, they're out there.Let's go out the back.
184 00:10:24 -[car door slams]-[engine revs]
185 00:10:36 [Ali] So, arrived in Taiji,
186 00:10:38 and first thing in the morning,decided to head to the harbor.
187 00:10:41 Pretty quickly,boats start heading out to sea.
188 00:10:43 There was about 13 of them in total,and they were gone for several hours.
189 00:10:47 When they returned,they returned in formation
190 00:10:50 and were billowing black smokefrom their exhaust pipes.
191 00:10:53 And banging on poles in the water
192 00:10:55 to try and scare a huge pod of dolphinscloser to land,
193 00:10:58 and then maneuver them into a covewhere I'm standing above right now.
194 00:11:02 It's impossible to see exactlywhat's going on.
195 00:11:04 There's a lot of splashing.
196 00:11:05 There's people down therewrestling these dolphins.
197 00:11:08 Whatever is going on,they don't want us filming.
198 00:11:10 Police are trying to search for us.
199 00:11:13 It's really tough conditionsto try and film this stuff.
200 00:11:40 The Taiji dolphin drivescontinue to be supported,
201 00:11:45 underwritten, funded bythe marine park entertainment industry.
202 00:11:49 A live dolphin really is very expensive.
203 00:11:53 And so,
204 00:11:54 the big ticket is catchingyoung dolphins and whales,
205 00:11:58 and selling them to marine parks.
206 00:12:01 What captivity in concrete tanks does
207 00:12:04 is it takes away everythingthat makes life worth living for them.
208 00:12:09 Everything they need to do, they can't do.
209 00:12:12 And everything they don't want to do,they're forced to do.
210 00:12:17 [Ali] I had enjoyed going to thesemarine parks my whole life,
211 00:12:19 but never even questioned how the animalsgot there in the first place.
212 00:12:24 But now, knowing it was connectedto industries like whaling
213 00:12:27 made me pledgeto never go to these parks again.
214 00:12:30 But every day in Taijiwas like Groundhog Day,
215 00:12:32 witnessing boats go out,dolphins driven in,
216 00:12:35 and the inevitable captureand mass slaughter of the pod
217 00:12:38 again, and again, and again.
218 00:12:46 Before we knew it,we'd been in Taiji for over a week,
219 00:12:49 but still couldn't figure outwhy on Earth they were killing them,
220 00:12:53 since dead dolphins don't perform tricks.
221 00:12:58 Lucy, show me againwhat you just found out.
222 00:13:00 I've just been doing the mathsfrom the data online,
223 00:13:02 and from 2000 to 2015,for every one dolphin captured,
224 00:13:06 at least 12 more were killed.It doesn't make any sense.
225 00:13:09 I don't know why they're killingall these dolphins.
226 00:13:12 So, if the annual Taiji dolphin driveis fueled by the captivity industry,
227 00:13:16 it begs the question,
228 00:13:18 "Why kill the dolphinsthat aren't selected for captivity?"
229 00:13:20 There's very little reasonto slaughter them.
230 00:13:23 There's no market for dolphin meat.
231 00:13:25 Why not just release themback into the sea?
232 00:13:27 And the answer to that questionis pest control.
233 00:13:30 The fishermen view the dolphinsas competition.
234 00:13:34 They feel that they eat too many fish,
235 00:13:36 and if they get rid of the dolphins,
236 00:13:38 there will be more fish availablefor them to catch.
237 00:13:40 Essentially, the slaughterof these dolphins is a reaction
238 00:13:45 to the overfishingthat's happening here in Taiji.
239 00:13:49 [Ali] If this was true, that dolphins werebeing blamed for the overfishing,
240 00:13:53 then boycotting marine parkswasn't gonna stop this.
241 00:13:56 So to find out more,we decided to visit a local fishing port
242 00:13:59 just a stone's throw from Taiji.
243 00:14:01 [suspenseful music playing]
244 00:14:04 However, upon arrival, we quickly learned
245 00:14:07 this wasn't just any fishing port.
246 00:14:13 -[Lucy] Ali. Ali, what is it?-[exhales]
247 00:14:17 This is just tuna.
248 00:14:19 This is the tuna industry.
249 00:14:21 We had just stumbled across oneof the largest tuna ports in the world,
250 00:14:25 which landed bluefin tuna,
251 00:14:27 the most expensive fish on the planet.
252 00:14:30 Just one of these fish soldin Tokyo's fish market
253 00:14:33 for over three million dollars.
254 00:14:36 I had read about these fish.
255 00:14:37 They were like the cheetahs of the ocean,
256 00:14:39 warm-blooded,and can accelerate faster than a Ferrari.
257 00:14:42 But due to high prices, the only directionthey were accelerating in
258 00:14:46 was into extinction.
259 00:14:48 Today, less than 3%of the species remain.
260 00:14:52 They were once thriving just decades ago.
261 00:14:59 It's not just bluefin though,it's all tuna.
262 00:15:02 There's everything here.This is sold around the world.
263 00:15:05 This is a $42-billion-a-year industry.And it's at threat from overfishing.
264 00:15:09 Of course they're gonnablame the dolphins.
265 00:15:11 The excuse of killing dolphins
266 00:15:13 for the crime of eating too many fishwas a lie.
267 00:15:16 In reality,what they were doing was killing dolphins
268 00:15:19 as a scapegoat for the overfishing.
269 00:15:21 That way,they can continue participating
270 00:15:23 in the multibillion-dollar tuna industry,
271 00:15:26 and wash offany ecological responsibility.
272 00:15:29 I learned one ofthe world's largest tuna companies
273 00:15:31 belonged to Mitsubishi,
274 00:15:33 who control 40%of the world's endangered bluefin.
275 00:15:36 Since they were based in Japan,
276 00:15:38 we surprised themby showing up at their head office.
277 00:15:42 I was wonderingif we could do a quick interview.
278 00:15:44 We have questions about why your companyis wiping out an endangered species,
279 00:15:48 and how that's connectedto killing dolphins.
280 00:15:50 -[woman] Our company refused, so…-[man] Yeah.
281 00:15:53 [Ali] Your company refuses all interviews?
282 00:15:55 [woman] Yes, all interviews.
283 00:15:57 [Ali] We're asked to turn our cameras off,and leave immediately.
284 00:16:02 Back at the fishing port,
285 00:16:03 I noticed that tuna weren't the onlyhighly-prized species they were landing.
286 00:16:11 Sharks were everywhere,
287 00:16:14 and they were all having their finssliced off.
288 00:16:20 [man] Turn off the video!
289 00:16:22 Shut! [speaking indistinctly]
290 00:16:25 -Camera shut!-[Ali] Why don't you want me filming?
291 00:16:30 [de Gelder] The shark-finning industryis a multi-billion dollar industry
292 00:16:34 and is oftentimesheavily criminally involved
293 00:16:38 and Mafia-esque run.
294 00:16:40 They don't want peoplewith cameras sniffing around
295 00:16:42 because they don't wanna get exposed
296 00:16:44 for all of the shady things that they do.
297 00:16:47 So sharks around the worldare being killed for their fins.
298 00:16:50 These fins are being shipped to Asia,and predominantly China,
299 00:16:53 for shark fin soup,
300 00:16:54 which is held as a status symbol.
301 00:16:56 It has no nutritional benefits,it really doesn't taste like much,
302 00:17:00 and it can cost anywhere upwardsof $100 a bowl.
303 00:17:03 [Ali] Seeing so many sharks finned,
304 00:17:05 and being kicked out of the portjust for filming,
305 00:17:07 only made me want to learn more.
306 00:17:09 Since we had discovered all we couldabout dolphin hunting in Taiji,
307 00:17:13 we decided to follow the shark storyto try and understand what impact
308 00:17:16 this industry was havingon the world's oceans.
309 00:17:20 [traffic sounds]
310 00:17:22 Just a hop over the ocean from Japanis Hong Kong,
311 00:17:25 otherwise known as Shark Fin City.
312 00:17:28 We arrived to find streetsfilled with shark fins,
313 00:17:31 and huge quantities being offloadedfrom trucks on every corner.
314 00:17:36 We tried to film the fins up close,
315 00:17:38 but were metwith the same response as before.
316 00:17:41 Go, go! No, no!
317 00:17:44 -[speaking Chinese]-[Ali in English] We can't film?
318 00:17:49 Are you gonna hit me with a chair?
319 00:17:51 All right, we're going.
320 00:17:53 [horn honking]
321 00:17:55 -No photography?-[man] No.
322 00:17:56 -Why? Why you are filming?-[Ali] Huh?
323 00:17:58 Why you are taking the photo?
324 00:18:00 You didn't get any permission.
325 00:18:01 Delete the photo.
326 00:18:02 Delete first.
327 00:18:03 [Ali] Hey, hey, hey!
328 00:18:06 Filming in Shark Fin Citywas proving harder than we thought.
329 00:18:10 So in order to see these fins up close,we got ourselves some spy cameras.
330 00:18:15 [indistinct conversations]
331 00:18:21 -Wow.-[woman speaking Chinese]
332 00:18:28 I used to be scared of sharks as a kid.
333 00:18:31 People should not be afraidof having sharks in the ocean.
334 00:18:35 They should be afraidof not having sharks in the ocean.
335 00:18:38 The sharks keep the oceans healthy.
336 00:18:40 They keep the fish stocks healthy.They keep the ecosystems alive.
337 00:18:43 They keep the coral reefs alive.
338 00:18:45 If we don't have these sharks,
339 00:18:46 if these sharksget finned into extinction,
340 00:18:49 the ocean's gonna turn into a swamp.
341 00:18:50 And guess who's gonna die next?
342 00:18:52 Us.
343 00:18:53 And a lot of people would think I'dbe the last person to stand up for sharks.
344 00:18:57 I was attacked by a sharkafter serving 12 years in the military.
345 00:19:00 I was on a counter-terrorism exercise
346 00:19:02 in Sydney Harbor,and a bull shark attacked me.
347 00:19:05 But knowledge dispels fear.
348 00:19:07 And through necessity,I learned about the plight of sharks
349 00:19:10 through workingwithin the shark filming industry
350 00:19:13 over the last decade.
351 00:19:14 [Ali] It turned out sharkswere just as important
352 00:19:17 as dolphins and whales
353 00:19:18 in keeping the ocean alive.
354 00:19:22 But for the first time ever,
355 00:19:24 sharks were in danger of going extinctbecause of us.
356 00:19:28 Like bluefin tuna,shark populations were crashing,
357 00:19:32 with species like thresher, bull,and hammerhead sharks
358 00:19:35 losing up to 80 to 99%of their populations
359 00:19:39 in just the last few decades.
360 00:19:40 And it was causing other unlikely speciesto die out with them.
361 00:19:44 Over the periodthat we've been monitoring seabirds,
362 00:19:47 since about 1950,
363 00:19:50 the abundance of seabirdshas declined by about 70%.
364 00:19:53 And if you look at how they feed,you can understand why.
365 00:19:56 And what they do isthey kind of lightly dip down to the sea,
366 00:20:00 and they pick little fish off the surface.
367 00:20:02 And where seabirds are doing their best
368 00:20:04 is where predatory fish are driving shoals
369 00:20:07 of tiny bait fish to the surface,where the terns can get them.
370 00:20:10 When you overfish the predators,
371 00:20:12 they no longer drive the shoals
372 00:20:14 to the surface,so there's not enough food for the birds.
373 00:20:17 So the loss of fishacross the world's oceans is bringing us
374 00:20:20 into direct competition with whales,dolphins, seabirds, for prey,
375 00:20:25 and that's causing their populationsto decline even further.
376 00:20:29 Sharks are apex predators.
377 00:20:31 So they're at the very, very topof the food chain.
378 00:20:33 They are what I call level one.
379 00:20:36 They eat level two.
380 00:20:37 They eat the poor,the sick, the weak of level two.
381 00:20:40 But when you take away level one,
382 00:20:42 level two then overpopulates.
383 00:20:44 And level two eats level three.
384 00:20:46 So they'll actually overpopulate.
385 00:20:48 They'll wipe out their food supply,which is level three.
386 00:20:52 And then, level two's got nothing to eat.
387 00:20:53 So level two then disappears,and they go extinct.
388 00:20:56 And it carries on down the food chain,
389 00:20:58 down to the smallest organisms.
390 00:21:00 So when we talk about saving sharksand how important they are,
391 00:21:03 even though peopledon't necessarily like them,
392 00:21:06 they are that keyto the survival of our oceans.
393 00:21:08 Around the world, on average,
394 00:21:10 sharks kill about ten people per year.
395 00:21:13 Now, comparatively speaking,
396 00:21:15 we kill 11,000 to 30,000 sharks per hour.
397 00:21:21 The crazy thing is,almost half of those sharks killed
398 00:21:24 are killed as bycatchfrom commercial fishing fleets.
399 00:21:27 And they're discarded as wasteback into the ocean.
400 00:21:30 [Ali] Bycatch wasall the other marine life
401 00:21:33 caught while trying to catcha target species.
402 00:21:35 And I was shocked to learnthat every year,
403 00:21:38 at least 50 million sharksare caught in nets this way,
404 00:21:41 side by side with our favorite seafood.
405 00:21:45 Studies estimate that up to 40%of all marine life caught
406 00:21:49 gets thrown right back overboardas bycatch,
407 00:21:51 and most of them diebefore they even hit the water.
408 00:21:56 So stopping shark fin soupis only half the picture.
409 00:21:59 The problem isthat eating fish is just as bad,
410 00:22:03 if not worsethan the shark finning industry,
411 00:22:06 because the shark finning industryis strictly held in Asia,
412 00:22:10 whereas everyone around the worldis eating fish.
413 00:22:13 I refer to bycatchas the invisible victims
414 00:22:17 of the fishing industry.
415 00:22:18 The industry will call bycatch"accidental take,"
416 00:22:21 but there's nothing accidentalabout bycatch.
417 00:22:24 It's factored into the economicsof fishing.
418 00:22:27 In those fisheries where we havea better understanding of bycatch,
419 00:22:31 the numbers can be alarming.
420 00:22:33 And so to give you one example,
421 00:22:35 in Iceland, in a one-month fishery,
422 00:22:38 that fishery caught269 harbor porpoises,
423 00:22:42 something like 900 sealsof four different species,
424 00:22:45 and 5,000 seabirds.
425 00:22:48 And that's just one little fisheryin one little part of Iceland.
426 00:22:52 Taken across the world's oceans,
427 00:22:53 the amount of bycatch is huge.
428 00:22:57 [Ali] What made matters worsewas that this destructive fishery
429 00:23:01 had been awarded for itssustainable fishing practices for years
430 00:23:05 by the very label I had trustedwhenever I bought seafood,
431 00:23:08 the MSC blue tick.
432 00:23:11 I contacted the charity who hand outthe labels about doing an interview,
433 00:23:14 but I received no reply.
434 00:23:17 In the meantime,
435 00:23:18 I discovered there were already overa hundred different fishing regulations
436 00:23:21 on paperfor reducing this kind of bycatch.
437 00:23:24 The problem was,
438 00:23:25 with over four and a half millioncommercial fishing vessels at sea,
439 00:23:29 it was a problem governmentshad practically given up on enforcing.
440 00:23:33 Apparently, though,
441 00:23:34 there was one vigilante organization
442 00:23:36 who are filling this law enforcement void.
443 00:23:39 A volunteer-run groupwho sail around the world
444 00:23:41 and into harm's way
445 00:23:42 in order to protect marine lifeand bring ocean criminals to justice.
446 00:23:47 The marine conservation groupSea Shepherd,
447 00:23:49 who have even sunk 13 whalingand illegal fishing ships,
448 00:23:52 and rammed a further five,all without harming a single person.
449 00:23:58 And by getting up close and personal
450 00:24:00 with the industries that aredestroying the ocean,
451 00:24:02 they have made some shocking discoveries.
452 00:24:05 One of the recent discoveriesthat Sea Shepherd has made
453 00:24:08 is that on the Atlantic French coast
454 00:24:09 up to 10,000 dolphinsare being killed every year by bycatch.
455 00:24:14 So this is ten times morethan dolphins being killed in Taiji,
456 00:24:17 and no one knew about it.
457 00:24:19 This has been going onfor at least 30 years
458 00:24:22 because the French government has beenvery effective in hiding the problem.
459 00:24:26 People love dolphins,
460 00:24:28 and most of them have no ideathat when they eat fish,
461 00:24:31 they're actually putting a death sentenceon the dolphin population in France.
462 00:24:41 One of the most shocking thingsthat most people don't realize
463 00:24:43 is that the greatest threat to whalesand dolphins is commercial fishing.
464 00:24:48 Over 300,000 whales and dolphinsare killed every single year
465 00:24:51 as bycatch of industrial fishing.
466 00:24:54 [Ali] Well, what about sustainable labels,things like Dolphin Safe tuna?
467 00:24:58 For those of us who spend as much timeat sea as I do,
468 00:25:02 uh, we realized that labels often obscurewhat's really happening at sea.
469 00:25:07 We caught tuna fishing vesselswho had slaughtered 45 dolphins
470 00:25:11 to catch eight tunas.
471 00:25:13 And that fishing vessel wasworking for Dolphin Safe canned tuna.
472 00:25:18 [ominous music playing]
473 00:25:20 [Ali] I had learnedsome shocking things so far,
474 00:25:23 but this was just unbelievable.
475 00:25:25 I couldn't verify these numbers online,
476 00:25:27 and I was skepticalto Sea Shepherd's claim
477 00:25:29 against the organization.
478 00:25:30 To find out for sure, I decided to meetwith the organization behind the label,
479 00:25:34 the Earth Island Institute.
480 00:25:36 What's the maximum number of dolphinsthat can be killed in a net
481 00:25:39 before the tuna is no longer Dolphin Safe?
482 00:25:42 Zero. [laughing] One.
483 00:25:45 So, one dolphin and, you know, you're out.
484 00:25:48 [Ali] So can you guaranteethat every can is dolphin-safe?
485 00:25:52 Nope. Hm-mm.
486 00:25:53 Nobody can.
487 00:25:54 Once you're out there in the ocean,how do you know what they're doing?
488 00:25:57 Uh, we have observers on board.
489 00:26:00 Uh, the observers can be bribed.
490 00:26:02 [Ali] Wait, um--Are your observers out at sea often?
491 00:26:06 On a regular basis, no. Mm-mm.
492 00:26:08 There's nobody out there witnessingwhether they kill dolphins or not.
493 00:26:12 So how do you know it's dolphin-safe,
494 00:26:14 especially when they're paying youto license your Dolphin Safe label?
495 00:26:19 What they're doingis taking the captain's word for it.
496 00:26:22 They look at the captain's log.He says, "I didn't kill any dolphins."
497 00:26:25 "Oh, okay. Here's your label."
498 00:26:26 "That'll cost you blah-blah-blah."
499 00:26:28 [Ali] So just--just so I get my head around this,
500 00:26:31 um, you have observers,but they're rarely there,
501 00:26:33 and they can be bribed.
502 00:26:34 And so you can't guaranteethat Dolphin Safe tuna is dolphin-safe?
503 00:26:37 That's certainly truein terms of, uh, how the system works.
504 00:26:42 [Ali] So, what are people meant to do nowif they want to protect dolphins?
505 00:26:45 What we tell them isto buy Dolphin Safe tuna,
506 00:26:47 tuna that's verifiedby Earth Island Institute
507 00:26:50 to be dolphin-safe.
508 00:26:51 [Ali] But it's not guaranteedto be dolphin-safe.
509 00:26:53 Uh, nothing can guaranteeit's dolphin-safe.
510 00:26:56 [Ali] Um, but if it's not guaranteedto be dolphin-safe,
511 00:26:59 why is it called Dolphin Safe?
512 00:27:00 We can pretty well guaranteeit's dolphin-safe, yeah.
513 00:27:03 [Ali] But you just told meit's not guaranteed.
514 00:27:05 It's not guaranteedin the same way that, uh…
515 00:27:09 The world is a difficult place sometimes.[chuckles]
516 00:27:15 [Ali] Conflict of interest?
517 00:27:16 Yeah, I think it's a conflict of interest.I also think it's fraud.
518 00:27:20 So, I was working for them,and I walked away from that.
519 00:27:23 I was making more than $100,000 a year.
520 00:27:25 Free life insurance.Something I can't even buy.
521 00:27:28 I left that because of their phony…
522 00:27:32 Dolphin Safe tuna label.I don't wanna be associated with that.
523 00:27:35 [Ali] I couldn't believewhat I was hearing.
524 00:27:38 The internationally recognizedseafood label
525 00:27:40 was a complete fabricationsince it guaranteed nothing.
526 00:27:44 At this point, I began to wonderwhat else was being covered up.
527 00:27:48 Even the groupsthat are talking about marine plastic
528 00:27:51 are highly reluctant to talk aboutwhat a lot of that plastic is,
529 00:27:55 which is fishing nets and fishing gear.
530 00:27:58 We hear a lotabout the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,
531 00:28:00 and say, "Oh, isn't it terrible?All our cotton buds and plastic bags
532 00:28:04 are swirling aroundin the Great Pacific Garbage Patch."
533 00:28:07 Forty-six percent of it is fishing nets,
534 00:28:10 discarded fishing nets,which are far more dangerous
535 00:28:13 for marine life than our plastic straws.
536 00:28:16 Because, of course,they're designed to kill.
537 00:28:18 Now, this is so crashingly obvious,why aren't we talking about it?
538 00:28:23 Why aren't even the plastics campaignstalking about fishing?
539 00:28:28 [dramatic musical crescendo]
540 00:28:30 [Ali] How had I notheard about this before?
541 00:28:32 Fishing vessels discarda massive amount of ropes and lines,
542 00:28:35 and this was a major problem.
543 00:28:37 Today, even some of the most remote placeson Earth were awash with fishing gear.
544 00:28:42 Like Henderson Islandin the Pacific Ocean,
545 00:28:46 and Svalbard in the Arctic Circle.
546 00:28:49 In fact, looking closer at some ofthe whales that washed up in the UK
547 00:28:53 when my journey began,
548 00:28:54 I discovered fishing gearwas the main trash in their stomachs.
549 00:28:59 This was the whale in the roomthat no one was talking about.
550 00:29:03 I even found that longline fishing
551 00:29:05 sets enough fishing linesto wrap around the entire planet
552 00:29:09 500 times every single day.
553 00:29:14 Although there isn'ta single fishery in the world
554 00:29:16 that deliberately targets sea turtles,
555 00:29:18 six out of seven species of sea turtleare either threatened or endangered.
556 00:29:23 Not because of climate change,not because of ocean pollution,
557 00:29:26 not because of plastics in the ocean,but because of fishing.
558 00:29:29 But this is an issuethat nobody wants to talk about.
559 00:29:32 [Ali] Again, if this was true,how come I'd never heard about it?
560 00:29:36 All the headlines I'd ever seenfocused on plastic straws.
561 00:29:39 So I decided to look into the research.
562 00:29:41 A global study estimateda conservative 1,000 sea turtle deaths
563 00:29:45 from plastic per year.
564 00:29:47 However, in the United States alone,
565 00:29:50 250,000 sea turtles are captured, injured,
566 00:29:54 or killed every year by fishing vessels.
567 00:29:57 If a single sea turtlewith a straw in its nose went viral,
568 00:30:01 then why wasn't this front page news?
569 00:30:03 When I went on the websitesof leading marine organizations
570 00:30:07 who tackle plastic pollution,
571 00:30:08 I found pages and pages encouraging people
572 00:30:11 to stop using everything from tea bags
573 00:30:14 to chewing gum.
574 00:30:15 But no mention whatsoever
575 00:30:17 of what to do about fishing gear,
576 00:30:18 that is if they even mentioned it.
577 00:30:20 Instead, plastic strawsseemed to take up 99%
578 00:30:24 of what these groups were talking about,which became even more shocking
579 00:30:27 when I found out plastic strawsonly accounted for 0.03%
580 00:30:32 of plastic entering the ocean.
581 00:30:35 This was like trying to savethe Amazon rain forest and stop logging
582 00:30:39 by boycotting toothpicks.
583 00:30:41 It was barely a drop in the ocean.
584 00:30:43 If fishing gear was such a huge problem,
585 00:30:45 I wanted to know whymy favorite plastic organization
586 00:30:48 wasn't talking about it.
587 00:30:49 So, according tothe Plastic Pollution Coalition,
588 00:30:52 what is the main source of plasticin the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?
589 00:30:55 Microplastics.
590 00:30:57 Uh, for the Great Pacific Garbage Patch,I'm mostly finding microplastics.
591 00:31:00 [Ali] Well, the latest studyactually showed
592 00:31:02 that 46%of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
593 00:31:05 is fishing nets alone,
594 00:31:06 and the majority of the other garbagewere other types of fishing gear.
595 00:31:10 So wouldn't that be the majority?
596 00:31:12 No, I wouldn't say…I won't say the majority
597 00:31:14 of the plastic in the jar is fishing nets.
598 00:31:17 Um, it's-- it's a lot.It's a-- it's a mix of things.
599 00:31:20 [Ali] But a majority means over 50%,
600 00:31:22 and fishing-related garbage
601 00:31:23 in the patch is over 50%.
602 00:31:25 So wouldn't that make it the majority?
603 00:31:28 Yeah. So if the-- if the--
604 00:31:29 If it's close to 50%, that's, um, uh…
605 00:31:33 Yes, plastic fishing nets.
606 00:31:34 There is nothing that would compareto that ratio as far as one item,
607 00:31:37 you know.
608 00:31:38 Uh, but the overwhelming, uh, thing is
609 00:31:41 that it's-- it's plastic fishing nets.
610 00:31:44 [Ali] Is there something that peoplecan do to stop this fishing net trash?
611 00:31:49 Uh, one thing that you could dois… is, uh, eliminate,
612 00:31:53 or really, really reduceyour intake of-- of fish,
613 00:31:57 and to really let those--those populations rebound.
614 00:32:00 But also, that will eliminateas much materials being used
615 00:32:04 to-- to get those fish.
616 00:32:05 [Ali] Well, do you know why
617 00:32:06 this important messageisn't on your website?
618 00:32:09 I-- I don't-- I don't know.I don't make the website.
619 00:32:12 I mean, it'd be great for youto talk to Dianna about it.
620 00:32:14 She's the founder,she's been in it, she's got the--
621 00:32:16 She could probablygive you better answers.
622 00:32:20 [Ali] So, Jackie was sayingthat one of the ways
623 00:32:22 to tackle the massive problemof fishing nets in the ocean
624 00:32:25 is to say no to eating fish.
625 00:32:27 I was wondering why you haven't putthat important message on your website.
626 00:32:32 A consumer message to eat less fish?
627 00:32:35 Yeah, it's not my area.
628 00:32:36 -It's not my area of focus. I hear you.-[Ali] Yeah.
629 00:32:39 I don't have time. We have an event.
630 00:32:41 Can you turn off the cameras? Thanks.
631 00:32:44 [Dianna] I'm not interestedin focusing there.
632 00:32:46 I don't have an opinion about that.
633 00:32:49 [Ali] I was talking aboutwhat people can do to make a difference
634 00:32:51 about fishing net trash in the ocean,
635 00:32:53 and Jackie said to eliminateor reduce fish consumption.
636 00:32:56 -I asked if that was---[Dianna] She didn't say eliminate fish.
637 00:32:59 -[Ali] She did.-[Dianna] I know she didn't.
638 00:33:00 …is, uh, eliminate or really,really reduce your intake of-- of fish.
639 00:33:05 -[Ali] She did. She---[Dianna] She didn't say eliminate fish.
640 00:33:08 [Ali] I had no idea what was going on.
641 00:33:10 Why was such a simple question
642 00:33:12 receiving such backlash?
643 00:33:14 My only option was to follow the money.
644 00:33:17 So I did.
645 00:33:19 And sure enough, there it was.
646 00:33:23 Of course they're not gonnatalk about fishing nets.
647 00:33:26 The Plastic Pollution Coalition
648 00:33:28 is the same organizationas the Earth Island Institute.
649 00:33:31 These are the same ones who arebehind the Dolphin Safe tuna label,
650 00:33:34 who work with the fishing industryto sell more seafood.
651 00:33:37 No wonder why they don't talk aboutthe leading cause of plastic pollution
652 00:33:40 in many parts of the world.
653 00:33:43 Now, it's entirely right to say
654 00:33:45 that we must use far less plastic.
655 00:33:47 But even if not a single gram of plasticentered the oceans
656 00:33:53 from today onwards,
657 00:33:55 we would still be rippingthose ecosystems apart
658 00:33:58 because the biggest issue by faris commercial fishing.
659 00:34:01 It's not just far more damaging
660 00:34:04 than plastic pollution,
661 00:34:05 it's far more damaging than oil pollutionfrom oil spills.
662 00:34:09 The Deepwater Horizon oil spillin the Gulf of Mexico
663 00:34:12 was the biggest in history.
664 00:34:14 It gushed huge quantities of oil
665 00:34:16 into the deep sea for a period of months.
666 00:34:19 And everyone was appalledat the death of wildlife on the beaches
667 00:34:23 as the oil slopped ashore.
668 00:34:24 But in fact,the fishing industry in the Gulf of Mexico
669 00:34:27 destroyed more animals in a day
670 00:34:31 than that oil spill did in months.
671 00:34:34 Because large areas were closed to fishing
672 00:34:37 because of the possibilityof being tainted by oil,
673 00:34:40 marine life actually benefited
674 00:34:42 from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
675 00:34:44 because it got a respite from fishing.
676 00:34:48 [Ali] I have a hard time accepting thata fisherman on his little fishing boat
677 00:34:51 -could be causing all this damage.-Yeah.
678 00:34:53 So, what's the deal?
679 00:34:54 There's this imageof the fishing industry,
680 00:34:57 which is deeply implanted in our mindsfrom childhood.
681 00:35:00 It's a little red boat
682 00:35:01 chugging across a sparkling sea
683 00:35:04 with Captain Birdseye at the wheel,
684 00:35:06 with his white beard,and his twinkly blue eyes,
685 00:35:08 and his fisherman's cap.
686 00:35:10 And of course, what it really is,is a death machine.
687 00:35:14 This is a highly effective,technological machine.
688 00:35:19 You've got these massively powerful boats,huge fishing ships,
689 00:35:23 whose purpose is to mop up the animals
690 00:35:27 which are at the basisof the whole marine food chain,
691 00:35:31 the fish.
692 00:35:33 [Ali] Although I finally felt like I wason the right track,
693 00:35:36 I couldn't help but feel frustrated
694 00:35:38 that the constant mediaand global attention
695 00:35:40 on plastics and fossil fuels
696 00:35:42 were distracting from an industrywe hear almost nothing about,
697 00:35:45 with a much, much greater impacton the sea.
698 00:35:47 Digging deeper,
699 00:35:49 I discovered this was also truewhen it came to coral reefs.
700 00:35:52 With scientists predicting the lossof 90% of reefs by the year 2050,
701 00:35:56 the only mainstream narrative on whyreefs were dying was climate change.
702 00:36:00 But hardly anyone was talking aboutthe fact fish were vital
703 00:36:03 to keep corals alive.
704 00:36:06 The ecosystem on coral reefsis heavily based on recycling.
705 00:36:11 When these animals excrete,that is food for the corals.
706 00:36:14 As fishermen come in and catch the fish,not only is the fish suffering,
707 00:36:19 but the products that the fish releaseinto the water is food for the corals,
708 00:36:23 and the nutrients to replace themand grow them up again will be lost.
709 00:36:27 [Ali] Fishing has become the major threaton many reefs around the world.
710 00:36:31 From the Middle East to the Caribbean,
711 00:36:34 where 90% of the large fishwhich prospered there for millennia
712 00:36:37 have now disappeared.
713 00:36:40 So our oceans were clearlyat a turning point,
714 00:36:42 and I needed definitive answers.
715 00:36:45 I wanted to speak to conservationists
716 00:36:47 who had spent their livestrying to protect the sea,
717 00:36:49 starting with meeting a living legend,
718 00:36:51 and one of my all-time favorite heroes,to tell me more.
719 00:36:54 I'm Sylvia Earle, an oceanographer,
720 00:36:56 explorer-in-residenceat the National Geographic,
721 00:36:59 founder of Mission Blue,
722 00:37:00 founder of Deep Ocean Explorationand Research.
723 00:37:04 So over the years, I've seen changes.
724 00:37:06 I've been a witness
725 00:37:07 to perhaps the greatest eraof discovery about the ocean.
726 00:37:11 But at the same time,the greatest era of loss.
727 00:37:15 Since the middle of the 20th century,
728 00:37:17 humans have succeededin extracting from the ocean,
729 00:37:20 immense quantities of wildlife.
730 00:37:23 The estimate is by the middleof the 21st century,
731 00:37:26 if we keep taking wild fish at the levelthat we are today,
732 00:37:29 there'll be no commercial fishing,
733 00:37:31 because there won't beenough fish to catch.
734 00:37:33 In the middle of the North Seain the 1830s,
735 00:37:36 a typical fishing boatwould be able to catch
736 00:37:39 one or two tons of halibut every day.
737 00:37:41 But today, the entire fishing fleet there
738 00:37:44 catches about two tons of halibutacross the entire year,
739 00:37:47 which means that halibutis more than a thousand times
740 00:37:50 less abundant today than it was then.
741 00:37:52 We are at war with the oceans.
742 00:37:55 And if we win this war,we're going to lose it all,
743 00:37:58 because mankind is not ableto live on this planet with a dead sea.
744 00:38:01 It's the total industrializationof fishing that is the problem here.
745 00:38:06 We are pretty much destroying everythingat rapid speed.
746 00:38:10 [Ali] Commercial fishing was essentially
747 00:38:12 wildlife poaching on a mass scale,
748 00:38:15 catching up to 2.7 trillion fishevery year,
749 00:38:19 or up to five millionkilled every single minute.
750 00:38:24 No other industry on Earth
751 00:38:26 killed anywhere nearas many animals as this trade,
752 00:38:29 let alone wild speciesthat we barely understand.
753 00:38:32 This has led to global fish populations,
754 00:38:34 in some cases,plummeting to near extinction.
755 00:38:37 But perhaps one of themost shocking facts of all
756 00:38:39 came from one of the world'sleading fisheries experts
757 00:38:42 estimating that ifcurrent fishing trends continue,
758 00:38:45 we will see virtually empty oceans
759 00:38:47 by the year 2048.
760 00:38:50 [dramatic musical swell]
761 00:38:54 The more I learned,the more devastating this fact became,
762 00:38:57 as I began to understandjust how interconnected
763 00:38:59 each species were with each other,
764 00:39:01 and even the role they playin maintaining the chemistry of the ocean
765 00:39:05 and our planet's atmosphere.
766 00:39:07 It sounds just mind-blowing,
767 00:39:10 but the powerof animals moving up and down
768 00:39:13 through the water column,in terms of mixing,
769 00:39:17 is as great as all the wind, waves,
770 00:39:21 tides, and currents in the seas combined.
771 00:39:24 And this has a huge impact
772 00:39:27 on the, the physics, the chemistry,and the biology of the seas.
773 00:39:32 [Ali] All this churning of the sea
774 00:39:34 may be one of the ways the oceanshelp absorb heat from the atmosphere.
775 00:39:37 As animals swim through the water column,
776 00:39:40 it creates a powerful down-wellingof the warmer surface waters
777 00:39:43 to mix with the colder waters below.
778 00:39:45 And although more researchneeds to be done,
779 00:39:47 the decimation of marine lifemay be interfering with this process,
780 00:39:50 and contributingto warmer sea temperatures.
781 00:39:53 The bottom line,the oceans and the life within it
782 00:39:56 play a much bigger rolein climate than we ever expected.
783 00:39:59 And it turns outthat the life in the oceans
784 00:40:02 is absolutely crucialfor holding on to carbon
785 00:40:06 and preventing itfrom being released to the atmosphere.
786 00:40:10 [Earle] We understand that leaving treesor planting trees
787 00:40:13 really helps the carbon equation,
788 00:40:15 but nothing matters more
789 00:40:17 than maintaining the integrityof ocean systems.
790 00:40:21 I mean, these big animals,
791 00:40:22 even the little ones,
792 00:40:24 they take up carbon.
793 00:40:25 They sequester carbonwhen they sink to the bottom of the ocean.
794 00:40:29 The ocean is the biggest carbon sinkon the planet.
795 00:40:34 If you want to address climate change,the first thing you do
796 00:40:37 is protect the ocean.
797 00:40:39 And the solution to that is very simple:leave it alone.
798 00:40:42 I always equate it tothis being a spaceship.
799 00:40:44 The Earth is a spaceship.It's on a trip around the galaxy.
800 00:40:47 It takes 250 million yearsjust to make one orbit.
801 00:40:49 And every spaceshiphas a life-support system,
802 00:40:52 provides us with the food we eat,the air we breathe,
803 00:40:54 and regulates the climate,the temperatures.
804 00:40:56 That life support system is run by a crewof earthlings,
805 00:41:00 and there's only so many crew membersyou can kill
806 00:41:02 before the machinery begins to break down,you run out of engineers.
807 00:41:05 And that's what's happening,we're killing off the crew.
808 00:41:08 [ethereal music playing]
809 00:41:15 [Ali] I discovered that one ofthe most important crew members
810 00:41:18 on this spaceship Earth
811 00:41:20 were actually marine plants.
812 00:41:22 Per acre, these coastal plants can store
813 00:41:24 up to 20 times more carbonthan forests on land.
814 00:41:28 In fact, 93% of all the world's CO2is stored in the ocean
815 00:41:32 with the help of marine vegetation,algae, and coral.
816 00:41:35 And losing just 1% of this ecosystem
817 00:41:38 was equivalent to releasingthe emissions of 97 million cars.
818 00:41:43 By, uh, continued extractionof fish out of our oceans,
819 00:41:47 you're essentially deforesting our oceans
820 00:41:49 by not only removing the fish,
821 00:41:51 but the act of removal,
822 00:41:52 the methods of removalare devastating to habitat, to ecosystems.
823 00:41:56 And it's even more so therebecause it's out of sight, out of mind.
824 00:42:00 [Ali] Trawling was by farthe most destructive form of fishing.
825 00:42:03 The largest trawl nets are so big
826 00:42:06 they could swallow whole cathedrals
827 00:42:07 or up to 13 jumbo jet planes.
828 00:42:10 The nets drag heavy weights at the bottom,
829 00:42:12 scarring the sea floorthat were once abundant with life,
830 00:42:15 leaving nothingbut a barren wasteland behind.
831 00:42:18 This was just like bulldozingpristine Amazonian rain forest,
832 00:42:21 except it was much, much worse.
833 00:42:24 Every year, approximately 25 millionacres of forest are lost.
834 00:42:28 This was equivalent to losingabout 27 soccer fields per minute.
835 00:42:32 However, bottom trawling wipes out
836 00:42:34 an estimated 3.9 billion acres every year.
837 00:42:39 This was equivalent to losing4,316 soccer fields every single minute.
838 00:42:46 Tallied up across the year,
839 00:42:48 this was equivalentto wiping out the land area
840 00:42:50 of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland,
841 00:42:53 Denmark, the UK, Germany, France, Spain,
842 00:42:57 Portugal, Italy, Turkey, Iran, Thailand,
843 00:43:01 and Australia combined.
844 00:43:04 Where are the big environment groups?
845 00:43:06 Why aren't they all over this like a rash?
846 00:43:08 It's so obvious.
847 00:43:10 It's just shouting in our faces.
848 00:43:11 It is the fishing industrythat is destroying the fish
849 00:43:15 and the rest of the life of the seas.
850 00:43:17 How much more obvious does it need to be?
851 00:43:20 And yet, for the most part,they are silent.
852 00:43:23 They're not speaking out against it.
853 00:43:25 They are deliberately not engaging
854 00:43:29 with the most important issue of all.
855 00:43:31 Many, uh, researchers feel
856 00:43:33 that we should be at about 30%of our oceans being protected.
857 00:43:36 But, in reality, we're at 5% nowof marine protected areas.
858 00:43:41 But that's misleading because over 90%
859 00:43:43 of those marine protected areasstill allow fishing.
860 00:43:46 So in reality,
861 00:43:47 less than 1% of all of our oceansare being regulated.
862 00:43:49 We hear a lot from governments
863 00:43:51 about these marine protected areas.
864 00:43:53 And one of the government ministerswas interviewed and asked,
865 00:43:56 "In this particular protected area,
866 00:43:58 what is the additional protectionyou're actually giving it?"
867 00:44:01 "Are you gonna protect itagainst industrial fishing?"
868 00:44:03 "No."
869 00:44:04 "Are you gonna protect itagainst oil drilling?"
870 00:44:06 "No."
871 00:44:07 "So, what are you actuallyprotecting it against?"
872 00:44:09 "Well, we're goingto put some more restrictions
873 00:44:11 on sea kayaking."
874 00:44:13 Seriously?
875 00:44:14 Kayaking?
876 00:44:15 This was the only thingshe could come up with?
877 00:44:17 It's an utter disgrace.
878 00:44:20 [Ali] With virtually no marine protectedareas that didn't allow fishing,
879 00:44:23 and global fish populationson the brink of collapse,
880 00:44:26 I began to question
881 00:44:28 whether sustainable seafoodcould even exist.
882 00:44:31 I have looked long and hard,
883 00:44:34 seriously, at trying to find an example
884 00:44:36 of where a large-scale extractionof wildlife is sustainable.
885 00:44:42 [clicks tongue]
886 00:44:43 It just doesn't exist.
887 00:44:47 It's hard to say,
888 00:44:49 "In some areas, fishing is okay,
889 00:44:51 and in others, it's not."
890 00:44:52 Because who will draw the line?
891 00:44:55 How would you know if a fish is,like, caught illegal,
892 00:44:59 or is coming out ofa sustainable fishing method?
893 00:45:04 Well, first of all, there's no such thing.It's impossible.
894 00:45:06 There's no such thingas a sustainable fishery.
895 00:45:08 There's not enough fish to justify that.
896 00:45:10 Everything is now sustainable.
897 00:45:12 It's not sustainable.Just a marketing phrase, that's all.
898 00:45:15 [Ali] So don't you agreewith organizations
899 00:45:17 that recommend peopleeat more sustainable seafood
900 00:45:19 as a way to protect the ocean?
901 00:45:21 No, I disagree with it completely.
902 00:45:23 You know,basically what they're trying to do
903 00:45:25 is to appeal to the big tent.
904 00:45:27 They want the people who eat fishto support them.
905 00:45:30 And this was a problem when I wasNational Director for the Sierra Club,
906 00:45:33 that was their problem.
907 00:45:34 They didn't wanna come outagainst hunting, against fishing,
908 00:45:37 or against meat-eating.
909 00:45:38 Because they thought they wouldlose membership support if they did.
910 00:45:42 A lot of these groups aren't interestedin solving the problem,
911 00:45:45 they're interestedin exploiting the problem.
912 00:45:47 There's a lot of groups out there,climate change, conservation, whatever.
913 00:45:50 It's a business.It's a feel-good business.
914 00:45:54 [Ali] I looked on Oceana's website.
915 00:45:55 They were the world's largestmarine conservation group,
916 00:45:58 but there wasn't a single mention
917 00:46:00 of reducing or eliminatingseafood consumption.
918 00:46:02 Instead, the organization recommends
919 00:46:05 one of the best ways to save fish
920 00:46:07 was to eat fish.
921 00:46:08 Oceana were advocatingfor sustainable fishing,
922 00:46:11 so I decided to meet with the groupso they could explain what that meant.
923 00:46:14 [Ali] What does sustainable fishingactually mean? Who defines it?
924 00:46:17 That's a really thoughtful question.
925 00:46:20 Uh, sustainable--
926 00:46:21 Sustainability is not defined as such.
927 00:46:23 There is not a definitionof sustainability,
928 00:46:27 as a whole, for fisheries.
929 00:46:29 [Ali] Isn't it confusing, then, to say,
930 00:46:31 "Eat sustainable fish,"
931 00:46:32 if there's no universal definition for it?
932 00:46:34 Uh, absolutely.
933 00:46:36 No, the consumer can'tassess right now, uh, properly
934 00:46:39 what fish is sustainable, what is not.
935 00:46:41 Uh, there is full of advices,
936 00:46:43 but it's true that the consumer can'tmake an informed decision right now.
937 00:46:47 [Ali] So if no one really knowswhat it means,
938 00:46:49 wouldn't a more effective strategy be
939 00:46:51 to, say, reduce or eliminateseafood consumption?
940 00:46:54 Wouldn't that be the best for the ocean?
941 00:46:56 [blows air]
942 00:46:58 That's…
943 00:46:59 I mean, it's difficultto answer a question
944 00:47:01 with such a deep reflection
945 00:47:04 with, uh, so little timeto think about, right?
946 00:47:06 Um, because we don't have a positionin that respect.
947 00:47:10 We're never asked that question.
948 00:47:12 [Ali] Oh, it would just be on the website.
949 00:47:13 You know, "Number one thing you can dofor the ocean, reduce fish consumption."
950 00:47:17 -Something like that.-Um…
951 00:47:20 [Ali] I left the Oceana office with lessfaith in the group than when I walked in.
952 00:47:24 Disappointed that they were unableto answer such a simple question
953 00:47:27 about sustainable fishing.
954 00:47:28 Perhaps contactinggovernmental authorities
955 00:47:30 would better answer my question.
956 00:47:32 After all, it was the second-bestthing to do on Oceana's website.
957 00:47:36 So I went straight to the top
958 00:47:37 and managed to secure a rare meeting
959 00:47:39 with the European Commissionerof Fisheries and the Environment,
960 00:47:42 who was recently passing lawsto ban single-use plastic.
961 00:47:45 What is the definitionof sustainable fishing?
962 00:47:48 Imagine that you have money in a bank,
963 00:47:51 you have capital, you put, I don't know,€100 in the bank.
964 00:47:55 That €100, which is the capital,
965 00:47:58 is giving you interest.
966 00:48:00 As long as you are taking the interest,and spending the interest
967 00:48:04 without touching the capital,
968 00:48:06 then that is sustainability.
969 00:48:09 As soon as you start taking awaythe capital as well,
970 00:48:12 then you've enteredthe unsustainable cycle.
971 00:48:16 [Ali] Well, using your economic analogy,
972 00:48:18 today's oceans aren't only in debt,but they're in a major depression.
973 00:48:22 Shouldn't we just stop spendingwhat we can't afford?
974 00:48:24 Obviously, we cannot goto the other extreme, and say,
975 00:48:28 "The only solution is not to fish at all."
976 00:48:31 We cannot-- I don't think we can do that.
977 00:48:34 But your governmentare taking extreme measures
978 00:48:36 to ban single-use plastic,
979 00:48:38 when fishing causes far more destruction.
980 00:48:41 So why is the fishing industrygetting special treatment from this?
981 00:48:44 Yes. For me,the idea is not to stop fishing.
982 00:48:48 For me, the idea isto do more sustainable fishing.
983 00:48:52 To do more sustainable fishing.
984 00:48:54 [Ali] More sustainable fishing
985 00:48:56 meant doing more of somethingthat isn't working,
986 00:48:58 and can't even be defined.
987 00:49:00 I wondered though,with no clear definition,
988 00:49:03 where did that leave sustainablecertification groups, like the MSC,
989 00:49:07 who still haven't got back to me?
990 00:49:09 Oh, you meanthe Marine Stewardship Council?
991 00:49:11 -[Ali] Yeah.-Oh, God.
992 00:49:13 Getting me onto the subject of theMarine Stewardship Council, you know.
993 00:49:16 Uh…
994 00:49:18 [chuckles awkwardly]
995 00:49:19 How much do I want to say?
996 00:49:21 Well, they have certified fisheries
997 00:49:23 that produce astonishing levelsof bycatch.
998 00:49:26 And those are ignoredbecause the level of kill
999 00:49:29 is considered to be "sustainable"in itself.
1000 00:49:31 But that's not what a consumeris looking for.
1001 00:49:34 They want to know thatno marine mammals are being killed,
1002 00:49:37 no seabirds are being slaughtered,
1003 00:49:38 in order to put that fish on their plate.
1004 00:49:41 The label on the tinisn't worth a damn in some cases.
1005 00:49:45 They make it appear on paperas if, uh, eating,
1006 00:49:48 on one hand, uh,sustainably-produced salmon
1007 00:49:51 is, uh, better than killinga bluefin tuna,
1008 00:49:54 and therefore creates a justificationin the eyes of the consumer.
1009 00:49:57 But that's like essentially sayingthat it's more sustainable
1010 00:50:00 to shoot a polar bearthan shooting a panda.
1011 00:50:02 When in reality,
1012 00:50:03 uh, neither one is sustainable,and neither one is right to do.
1013 00:50:06 So, do you think it's gonna be possible
1014 00:50:08 to do an interview with the MSCat any point?
1015 00:50:10 [woman on phone]Um, I don't think that's gonna work out.
1016 00:50:12 Um, there's nobody in the officeat the moment.
1017 00:50:15 There's loads of conferences on.
1018 00:50:16 [Ali] After having our interview requestturned down countless times over phone,
1019 00:50:20 we decided to visittheir head office instead.
1020 00:50:22 Hi, my name's Ali.
1021 00:50:24 I've been trying to organize an interviewwith someone at MSC for months now,
1022 00:50:27 and I just had some questionsabout sustainable fishing.
1023 00:50:30 Would there be anyone aroundI could speak to really quickly?
1024 00:50:33 We were told to wait in the waiting roomwhile they found someone to speak to us.
1025 00:50:36 But after half an hour of panicked looksbetween the members of staff,
1026 00:50:39 we were asked to leave.
1027 00:50:43 [sighs]Just got palmed off again by the MSC.
1028 00:50:46 The world's largestsustainable seafood organization
1029 00:50:49 doesn't wanna talk to meabout sustainable seafood.
1030 00:50:53 The only thing left to dowas to try and follow the money.
1031 00:50:57 And it didn't take longto find the massive conflict of interest.
1032 00:51:00 One of the founders of the MSC
1033 00:51:02 was the Unilever corporation,
1034 00:51:03 who at the timewere a major seafood retailer.
1035 00:51:06 And despite countless fisheriesclearly being depleted and destructive,
1036 00:51:10 I could only find a couple
1037 00:51:11 that had ever been denied certificationin over 20 years.
1038 00:51:14 But most shocking of all
1039 00:51:16 was learning that over 80%of the almost £30-million-a-year income
1040 00:51:21 was from licensing their logo on seafood.
1041 00:51:24 Basically, the more blue ticks theyhanded out, the more money they made.
1042 00:51:27 So as far as I was concerned,
1043 00:51:29 there was no way I was gonnatrust these labels again.
1044 00:51:32 In fact, other attempts toregulate the industry were also failing,
1045 00:51:36 with government observers
1046 00:51:37 who are given the taskof monitoring fishing activity on ships
1047 00:51:40 being murdered at sea,thrown overboard,
1048 00:51:44 like Keith Davis,a 41-year-old American observer,
1049 00:51:48 who in recent yearswent missing off the coast of Peru,
1050 00:51:51 never to be seen again.
1051 00:51:52 In Papua New Guinea,
1052 00:51:54 18 observers went missingin the space of just five years.
1053 00:51:57 And in the Philippines, in 2015,
1054 00:52:00 an observer by the nameof Ms. Gerlie Alpajora
1055 00:52:02 received death threatsfrom the family of a tuna fisherman
1056 00:52:05 who was arrested for illegal fishing.
1057 00:52:07 Soon after, armed men entered her home,
1058 00:52:10 and she was assassinated in cold bloodwith a gunshot to the head
1059 00:52:14 in front of her two young boys.
1060 00:52:17 When we look at fisheries crime,
1061 00:52:19 we have to look at it within the contextof transnational organized crime.
1062 00:52:24 And the same syndicatesthat are behind illegal fishing
1063 00:52:27 are the same criminal groupsthat are behind drug trafficking,
1064 00:52:30 human trafficking, and other crimes.
1065 00:52:33 If you get in the way of their business,you are risking your own life.
1066 00:52:37 But also don't be surprised at the extentat which governments will go
1067 00:52:41 to prevent you from exposing
1068 00:52:43 the economic activitiesthat they subsidize at sea.
1069 00:52:47 [Ali] A subsidy is taxpayer moneygiven to an industry
1070 00:52:50 to keep the price of a product or serviceartificially low.
1071 00:52:54 And in an increasing number of countries,
1072 00:52:55 more money was going outthan the value of fish coming back in.
1073 00:53:00 So if you don't eat fish,
1074 00:53:01 you're still sustaining fisheries
1075 00:53:04 because you're paying for itin your taxes.
1076 00:53:06 So if you think about it,it's really shocking
1077 00:53:09 that we subsidize the fishing industry
1078 00:53:11 somewhere in the region of $35 billion,
1079 00:53:15 which is the same amount that,according to United Nations,
1080 00:53:18 we'd need to combat world hunger.
1081 00:53:22 [Ali] Subsidies were originally startedas a means to ensure food security.
1082 00:53:26 But ironically,
1083 00:53:27 they are now the cause of food insecurity
1084 00:53:30 in many developing regions.
1085 00:53:32 [Hammarstedt] Fishing by theEuropean Union in places like West Africa
1086 00:53:35 is driven by European Union subsidies.
1087 00:53:39 And that meansthat local businesses can't compete
1088 00:53:41 with the economic mightof the European Union.
1089 00:53:45 Really it's just a continuation
1090 00:53:47 of a historyof plundering the African continent.
1091 00:53:52 [Ali] These intensive fishing operationsweren't only wiping out the fish,
1092 00:53:56 they were also destroying economies.
1093 00:53:58 In the United States,
1094 00:54:00 up to one in every threewild-caught fish imported
1095 00:54:03 had been caught illegally,and therefore sold illegally.
1096 00:54:07 Stolen, often from countries in most need,
1097 00:54:10 where there are now wars over the fish.
1098 00:54:12 One of the causesfor the infamous pirates of Somalia,
1099 00:54:15 now feared across the world,
1100 00:54:17 was actually illegal fishing.
1101 00:54:19 They were once humble fishermanworking to feed their families.
1102 00:54:23 But when Somalia fell to civil war,
1103 00:54:25 foreign illegal fishing vessels,the real pirates of today's oceans,
1104 00:54:29 invaded their watersand began taking the fish,
1105 00:54:32 effectively pulling foodfrom their mouths,
1106 00:54:35 giving Somali fishermen no choicebut to move into another line of work.
1107 00:54:39 This plunderingof the African Coast, though,
1108 00:54:41 was happening across the continent.
1109 00:54:44 And Sea Shepherd was ona daring mission to end this,
1110 00:54:46 working with governments
1111 00:54:48 to track down and arrestillegal fishing vessels
1112 00:54:50 in places like Liberia.
1113 00:54:52 [suspenseful music playing]
1114 00:54:57 Despite the warnings of travelingto this region of the world,
1115 00:55:00 we decided to join Sea Shepherd
1116 00:55:02 to get up close to the front lineof this problem.
1117 00:55:05 We have mostly international fleetscoming from countries
1118 00:55:10 where they've already depletedtheir own local stocks,
1119 00:55:12 and they're pushing further and furtheraway to try and make up for that.
1120 00:55:16 And using more and moresophisticated technology
1121 00:55:19 to increase their catch numbers.
1122 00:55:21 When we look at international fleets,
1123 00:55:23 they come here,and they either fish illegally…
1124 00:55:25 And what they're catchingis worth huge, huge amounts,
1125 00:55:27 so it's like a gold rush.
1126 00:55:29 Our coastal waters had now becomea free-for-all,
1127 00:55:32 until, quite recently,when we decided to pay attention to that,
1128 00:55:36 and try to police it.
1129 00:55:37 For us, with the military,when we go on these operations,
1130 00:55:40 we assume the highest alert.
1131 00:55:42 We know that it's piracy going on.
1132 00:55:44 So indeed, it's a dangerous operation.
1133 00:55:54 [Ali] Upon arrival,
1134 00:55:55 it became clearwhy the ocean around West Africa
1135 00:55:58 was so worth protecting.
1136 00:56:01 [ethereal music playing]
1137 00:56:03 It was home to one of the last strongholdsof life in our oceans.
1138 00:56:09 Teeming with rare and wonderful wildlifeof all kinds.
1139 00:56:16 Countless species journeyed acrossthe Atlantic Ocean
1140 00:56:19 to find themselves in these waters.
1141 00:56:21 A refuge for mating and feeding.
1142 00:56:24 Living in as close to harmony and balanceas I'd ever seen.
1143 00:56:28 But there was another species,
1144 00:56:30 journeying to these watersfor a very different purpose.
1145 00:56:36 It didn't take long to witnesshow Sea Shepherd
1146 00:56:38 and the Liberian Coast Guardtracked down and boarded fishing vessels.
1147 00:56:43 [somber music playing]
1148 00:56:56 Species I had never seenin my entire life
1149 00:56:59 were dying in the netsbefore I could even appreciate them.
1150 00:57:02 But the scenes continued below deck,
1151 00:57:04 where it became clear that these vesselswere more like floating slaughterhouses.
1152 00:57:10 This is the holdof just one purse seiner ship.
1153 00:57:13 And this is just the tip of the iceberg,it goes down the whole size of the ship.
1154 00:57:17 There could behundreds of thousands of fish.
1155 00:57:19 Seeing how hard it is to get on this ship,you need pretty much a military operation.
1156 00:57:23 Plus, they could be fishing unsustainably,and no one would ever know.
1157 00:57:26 They could sell thisas sustainably certified.
1158 00:57:28 So I just don't see how you could possiblyenforce sustainable fishing laws
1159 00:57:32 with all these boats this far out at sea.
1160 00:57:36 I just don't see how it's possible.
1161 00:57:45 It's at nighttime
1162 00:57:46 that illegal fishing thrivesunder the cloak of darkness.
1163 00:57:49 Vessels entering the watersof other countries without detection
1164 00:57:52 and stealing the fish.
1165 00:57:54 But that was also prime timefor Sea Shepherd to do their work.
1166 00:57:57 Yeah, we gonna board the vessel,we have to do it as soon as possible.
1167 00:58:01 [man on radio] Copy that.
1168 00:58:02 So, Sea Shepherd have just spotteda boat on the horizon.
1169 00:58:06 It's on the radars.
1170 00:58:07 Could be an illegal fishing vessel.
1171 00:58:08 We're about to go and find out.
1172 00:58:10 [suspenseful music playing]
1173 00:58:54 [Ali] The ship was a Chinese trawler.
1174 00:58:57 In its hold were huge quantitiesof illegally-caught fish.
1175 00:59:00 The vessel was detained and fined.
1176 00:59:03 It was only one victory,
1177 00:59:05 but it sent a clear messageto the other ships in the area,
1178 00:59:08 that there were now real consequencesto their illegal actions.
1179 00:59:12 Still on the illegal fishing vesselafter sunrise,
1180 00:59:14 as the ship was getting readyto be taken back to port,
1181 00:59:17 I saw some men rowing up to the ship.
1182 00:59:20 I remembered the piracy warningfrom the Minister of Defense,
1183 00:59:23 but these men didn't look like pirates.
1184 00:59:25 Why were they risking their livesin open waters on a small canoe?
1185 00:59:30 Suddenly, I saw this.
1186 00:59:34 They were hungry.
1187 00:59:38 If you look along the coast,these are people who've lived here
1188 00:59:41 from time immemorial.
1189 00:59:42 That's their livelihood,that's their way of life.
1190 00:59:45 But when we allow the industrial fishingto come so close into their zone,
1191 00:59:49 it doesn't give them a chanceto get a good catch out of there.
1192 00:59:52 'Cause if he cannot catchwhat he's supposed to catch
1193 00:59:54 because a commercial vessel has come upand scoop up everything from here,
1194 00:59:58 he's destined to go further out.
1195 00:59:59 These guys are out herewithout life vests.
1196 01:00:01 It's dangerous. Anything can happen.
1197 01:00:03 You get kicked out of your boat,or your canoe, that's it.
1198 01:00:06 -[suspenseful music playing]-[Ali] Fisheries workers at sea
1199 01:00:09 have some of the most dangerous jobson Earth.
1200 01:00:11 In context,
1201 01:00:12 over 4,500 US soldiers were killed
1202 01:00:15 in the Iraq Warover the course of 15 years.
1203 01:00:18 But during that same time,
1204 01:00:20 360,000 fisheries workers dieddoing their job,
1205 01:00:24 as an estimated 24,000 workersdie every year.
1206 01:00:29 And West African canoe fishermen
1207 01:00:31 happened to havethe highest mortality rates
1208 01:00:33 of any fisheries job on the planet.
1209 01:00:36 [Monbiot] Huge numbers of peopledepended on the fish,
1210 01:00:39 which is now mostly gone.
1211 01:00:40 That's caused a great deal of hunger,
1212 01:00:42 not just on the coast,but up to a thousand miles inland.
1213 01:00:47 So, what do people dofor fishing instead?
1214 01:00:49 They'll hunt wild animals on land.
1215 01:00:51 And that has not only haddevastating impacts
1216 01:00:55 on animal life on land,
1217 01:00:57 it also seems to have hada very major impact on human life,
1218 01:01:00 because it's the bushmeat trade
1219 01:01:02 which is responsiblefor the Ebola epidemics.
1220 01:01:06 You can actually stand this up,it's in the scientific literature.
1221 01:01:09 The theft of fish stocks is enhancing
1222 01:01:13 or causing Ebola outbreaks of West Africa.
1223 01:01:19 [Ali] As our trip in Liberiadrew to a close,
1224 01:01:21 I questioned whether there wasany alternative fishing method
1225 01:01:24 that could provide some kind of solution
1226 01:01:26 to both the environmental
1227 01:01:27 and humanitarian ramificationsof this industry.
1228 01:01:30 And a glimmer of hope presented itselfin the form of fish farming,
1229 01:01:34 an industry with the reputation
1230 01:01:36 of being an eco-friendly wayto feed the world
1231 01:01:39 without all the problemsof wild-caught fish.
1232 01:01:42 With no bycatch, no illegal fishing,
1233 01:01:44 no sea-floor damage,
1234 01:01:46 no killing of endangered species,
1235 01:01:48 and no dangerous working conditions,
1236 01:01:50 it was exactly what I was looking for.
1237 01:01:52 Yeah, so a lot of peoplejump to the conclusion
1238 01:01:54 that sustainable seafoodcomes from farming fish
1239 01:01:56 and not high seas fishing,
1240 01:01:58 but it's really not the case.
1241 01:02:00 Uh, there's so many issues involvedwith farming fish,
1242 01:02:04 uh, being pollution, disease,and we have to ask the question,
1243 01:02:07 "What are these fish being fed?"
1244 01:02:08 [Ali] What were they being fed?
1245 01:02:10 The industry claim that to produceone kilogram of farmed salmon,
1246 01:02:13 only 1.2 kilograms of feed is needed.
1247 01:02:16 But when I looked further,I found the feed is heavily processed,
1248 01:02:20 and is made of dried fish meal
1249 01:02:22 and extracted fish oil,
1250 01:02:23 which requires a massive amountof fish to produce.
1251 01:02:27 So in reality,you need many times more fish
1252 01:02:29 going into the farmer's feed
1253 01:02:31 than will ever come out.
1254 01:02:33 So fish farming
1255 01:02:34 was just wild fishing in disguise.
1256 01:02:37 And what made this even more shocking
1257 01:02:39 was the scale fish farmingalready operates at.
1258 01:02:42 Today, around 50% of the world's seafood
1259 01:02:45 is coming from farms like these.
1260 01:02:48 Huge cages in the oceancontaining tens of thousands of fish.
1261 01:02:55 So we decided to leave Liberia
1262 01:02:56 and journey back to the UK, for Scotland,
1263 01:02:59 one of the world's leading producersof farmed salmon.
1264 01:03:02 Since none of the major companieswanted to speak to us,
1265 01:03:05 we decided to meet with some ofthe industry's whistleblowers instead.
1266 01:03:08 The salmon farming industryin Scotland is extremely powerful.
1267 01:03:11 And we're talking aboutbillion-dollar multinationals,
1268 01:03:14 which have the resources and the skillsto dominate the narrative,
1269 01:03:17 and ensure that the only informationthat gets out
1270 01:03:21 is the informationthey're comfortable with.
1271 01:03:22 So when I went to document the issues,
1272 01:03:24 ended up making my way outto one of the farms.
1273 01:03:27 And there, I filmed some ofthe most severe sea lice infestations
1274 01:03:31 that's ever been recorded.
1275 01:03:34 [Ali] Corin was able to capture footageof salmon being eaten alive
1276 01:03:37 by an infestation of sea lice parasites.
1277 01:03:40 A common reality of fish farmingacross the world.
1278 01:03:44 It was sad to thinkthat this incredible species,
1279 01:03:46 which had evolved for millions of years
1280 01:03:48 to migrate across entire oceansand navigate up rivers
1281 01:03:51 to reach the exact same spawning groundsthey were born in,
1282 01:03:54 were now confined to swim in circlesin their own filth.
1283 01:03:58 [Smith] So, it's estimatedthat each salmon farm in Scotland
1284 01:04:01 produces organic waste equivalentto a town of 10 to 20,000 people.
1285 01:04:06 And taken together,it's estimated that
1286 01:04:09 the Scottish salmon farming industryproduces organic waste
1287 01:04:11 equivalent to the entire populationof Scotland each year.
1288 01:04:19 [Ali] The next activist I wanted to meetwas Don Staniford,
1289 01:04:23 who'd been going undercover to exposethe reality of fish farms for years.
1290 01:04:27 And we agreed to go undercover with him.
1291 01:04:32 [Staniford] So, we're hereat Marine Harvest Salmon Farm,
1292 01:04:34 and it's disgusting.
1293 01:04:35 This is the--this is the stench of Scottish salmon.
1294 01:04:38 This is where salmon go to diefrom the farms.
1295 01:04:41 Maybe 50% of the salmon are dyingfrom egg to plate, from hatch to catch.
1296 01:04:46 And this is the Mortality Mountain.
1297 01:04:48 This is a symptomof factory battery salmon farming.
1298 01:04:51 These fish are dying from anemia,
1299 01:04:53 lice infestation,
1300 01:04:54 infectious diseases,
1301 01:04:56 chlamydia, heart disease.
1302 01:04:58 This is welfare abuse.
1303 01:04:59 So, far from being a panaceafor the world food problem,
1304 01:05:02 salmon farming is a waste of resources.
1305 01:05:04 It's biological nonsense.
1306 01:05:07 [Ali] The stench was horrifying.
1307 01:05:09 These weren't the bright orangeand pink salmon
1308 01:05:11 I'd seen in the commercials.
1309 01:05:13 So, farmed salmon,
1310 01:05:15 without colorants being added to its feed,would be completely gray,
1311 01:05:18 to the extent that salmon farmerscan actually select from a color chart,
1312 01:05:23 much like you getwhen painting your house.
1313 01:05:24 You can select the pinkness of the salmonthat you're gonna produce.
1314 01:05:28 So it wouldn't be for me to say,
1315 01:05:30 but it does seem like people are eatinggray fish that's painted pink.
1316 01:05:35 [Ali] This was the real monsterin the lochs of Scotland.
1317 01:05:38 But the environmental impactof farming marine life
1318 01:05:41 didn't end with fish.
1319 01:05:43 One of the world's most important habitatsis mangroves.
1320 01:05:46 Now, mangrove forestsare absolutely crucial storm barriers.
1321 01:05:50 They protect communitiesfrom storm surges, even from tsunamis.
1322 01:05:55 And yet, 38% of the world's mangroveshave been destroyed
1323 01:05:59 by shrimp and prawn farming.
1324 01:06:02 However, it's the shrimp feed which ishaving the greatest humanitarian impact,
1325 01:06:06 because it depends on slavery.
1326 01:06:08 We hear a lot about blood diamonds.
1327 01:06:11 This is blood shrimp.
1328 01:06:13 [ominous music playing]
1329 01:06:15 [Ali] This recent aerial footageshows a fisherman in Southeast Asia
1330 01:06:18 writing a secret message to the drone,
1331 01:06:20 out of sight of the captain.
1332 01:06:26 Slavery at sea is a massive problem.
1333 01:06:30 I think it's very hardto give precise figures,
1334 01:06:33 precisely because it operatesunder the radar.
1335 01:06:36 Those peoplewho are driving these abuses,
1336 01:06:40 for obvious reasons,don't want to get found out.
1337 01:06:42 In that regard, I would point to Thailand.
1338 01:06:44 So there are now somewhere in the regionof about 51,000 boats fishing
1339 01:06:49 in Thai waters under the Thai flag.
1340 01:06:51 They had to find a way of fishingever more cheaply to catch fewer fish.
1341 01:06:56 And that's wherethe inherent vulnerability begins.
1342 01:07:00 Most of those boats would not be economicwithout this free, cheap labor.
1343 01:07:08 [Ali] I had no idea when I startedmy journey that it would lead me here,
1344 01:07:11 but it was hard to believe thefishing industry could be this corrupt.
1345 01:07:14 The information I was finding onlinewas conflicting,
1346 01:07:17 so I wanted to ask the industry myself,at an international seafood expo
1347 01:07:21 open only to industry insiders.
1348 01:07:23 We created fake business cards
1349 01:07:25 for a fake seafood company to sneak in,
1350 01:07:27 which actually worked,
1351 01:07:29 and secretly filmed my interaction
1352 01:07:32 with a representative from Thai seafood.
1353 01:07:34 I was doing some research…
1354 01:07:35 [man] Research?
1355 01:07:36 [Ali] Research. And I found outthat a lot of, uh, Thai shrimp and prawns
1356 01:07:41 are coming from slave labor.People kidnapped--
1357 01:07:43 -[man] Oh, no, no!-[Ali] It's not true?
1358 01:07:45 [man] No, not true!
1359 01:07:46 -[Ali] Whoa! So they're lying?-[man] Lying. [chuckles]
1360 01:07:49 -[Ali] So there's no slavery going on?-[man] No, no. [chuckles]
1361 01:07:51 [Ali] So why would they say that?
1362 01:07:53 [man] I don't know. You ask them that.[chuckles]
1363 01:07:56 -[Ali] Yeah. So it's---[man] Business, huh? It's business.
1364 01:07:59 [Ali] Yeah, absolutely.Yeah, it's business.
1365 01:08:01 [Ali] I was so fed up by all thesecompanies and NGOs bluewashing the truth,
1366 01:08:06 but honestly, I didn't know what to think.
1367 01:08:08 The only way I could find out for sure
1368 01:08:10 if fishing slaverywas still going on today
1369 01:08:13 was by actually speakingto these fishing slaves ourselves.
1370 01:08:16 [Ali] Would you say there's anysafety concerns for me making this film?
1371 01:08:21 The safety concerns are serious.
1372 01:08:22 And I think,ignore them at your risk.
1373 01:08:27 -You can see people are being murdered.-[gunshots]
1374 01:08:29 So some of those involved are murderers.
1375 01:08:32 Somebody might kill you,and that is possible
1376 01:08:35 if you're foolish, and if you'rein the wrong place at the wrong time.
1377 01:08:38 You can be victim of unfairor unreasonable actions by the law
1378 01:08:43 who have been paid,i.e. a victim of corruption.
1379 01:08:45 So you have to be extremely careful,
1380 01:08:47 and the security protocols that you apply
1381 01:08:51 may well mean the differencebetween life and death.
1382 01:08:54 [somber music playing]
1383 01:09:02 [Ali] We arrived in Bangkok
1384 01:09:03 with the details of a halfway homefor escaped slaves.
1385 01:09:07 We knew thatjust by filming these interviews
1386 01:09:09 and shining a light on thecriminal activities in the country,
1387 01:09:12 we were putting ourselvesand those around us at risk.
1388 01:09:16 [translator, distorted]Don't film my face.
1389 01:09:18 I can be hunted down for helping you.
1390 01:09:21 [Ali] All we could dowas cross our fingers,
1391 01:09:23 and hope we got the answerswe were looking for.
1392 01:09:25 [somber music continues]
1393 01:09:31 [Ali] Could you start off by telling mehow long you were on these ships for?
1394 01:09:35 [in Thai] I was at seafor 10 years, 2 months, and 2 days.
1395 01:09:40 I was scared, let me be straight with you.
1396 01:09:45 Nobody could get off the ship,there were guards that kept eyes on us.
1397 01:09:52 [in Thai] I was at sea for six years.
1398 01:09:57 I was so depressedI tried to take my own life three times.
1399 01:10:02 When I first met the captain on land,we drank and had a good time.
1400 01:10:06 But once I was on the shipand the ship left the shore,
1401 01:10:09 the captain changed from white to red.
1402 01:10:11 He changed,like we didn't know each other.
1403 01:10:14 He bullied and abused melike we didn't know each other.
1404 01:10:17 He splashed us with boiling waterwhen we were sick and tired,
1405 01:10:21 hit us whenever he wasn't happyby using an iron bar,
1406 01:10:26 and threatened us with a gun.
1407 01:10:31 On the ship I was on,
1408 01:10:34 sometimes they kept dead human bodiesin the freezers after killing them.
1409 01:10:39 [in Thai] On my ship, boys droppedinto the sea and drowned.
1410 01:10:46 I saw their dead bodies floatingon the water surface days later.
1411 01:10:51 I felt sorry for their parents,
1412 01:10:53 they would never knowof their son's death.
1413 01:10:56 [in Thai] When ships are in themiddle of the ocean, where problems occur,
1414 01:11:02 they can throw you overboardinto the sea.
1415 01:11:05 They can just say to the authorities
1416 01:11:10 that you were sick and fell into the sea.
1417 01:11:14 People don't see how we catch seafood,
1418 01:11:18 they only care for consumption.
1419 01:11:20 A lot of the seafood we're consuming todayis from slavery,
1420 01:11:26 from forced labor.
1421 01:11:29 I would like to see everyonestop supporting them
1422 01:11:33 if that's possible.
1423 01:11:36 [Ali in English] Would you be ableto take us to the slave ships,
1424 01:11:39 or is it too dangerous to film?
1425 01:11:41 [in Thai] Oh…
1426 01:11:43 It's dangerous for you to makethis documentary, and film these ships.
1427 01:11:50 [in Thai] If you're scared of dying,go home.
1428 01:11:53 [translator speaks indistinctly]
1429 01:11:56 [Ali] At this point, off-camera,
1430 01:11:58 we were notified that we had to endthe interview right then and there
1431 01:12:01 as police were on their way.
1432 01:12:03 Someone had reported usfor filming without permits,
1433 01:12:06 and we needed to get out of thereimmediately.
1434 01:12:09 [police sirens wailing]
1435 01:12:18 [suspenseful music playing]
1436 01:12:24 [Ali] I was sad to be leaving Thailandso suddenly,
1437 01:12:27 knowing there were young men just like metrapped on fishing boats
1438 01:12:30 who'd never be able to go home.
1439 01:12:31 But after risking our safety,I felt powerless to do anything about it.
1440 01:12:35 Especially knowing the authoritieswere involved in covering it up.
1441 01:12:38 [somber orchestral music playing]
1442 01:12:47 Back home, it'd been weekssince I picked up a camera.
1443 01:12:50 The gravity of everythinghad caught up with me,
1444 01:12:53 and frankly, I was overwhelmed.
1445 01:12:55 However, months earlier,
1446 01:12:56 we had booked a trip to the Faroe Islands,
1447 01:12:59 a small archipelago in the North Atlanticthat practiced an old form of whaling.
1448 01:13:03 We'd booked the tripback when I thought whaling
1449 01:13:05 was one of the biggest threatsfacing the ocean.
1450 01:13:07 But after witnessing much greater impactsand the human rights abuses that followed,
1451 01:13:11 it seemed like a step backwards.
1452 01:13:13 However, this particular form of whaling,called a "Grind,"
1453 01:13:17 had recently received attention in themedia as a sustainable form of whaling,
1454 01:13:21 claiming the species of whale aren'tendangered and that hunting them
1455 01:13:24 caused no environmental damage.
1456 01:13:26 Whales were the whole reason I set outon this journey in the first place,
1457 01:13:30 and I was skeptical about how sustainableit could possibly be.
1458 01:13:33 So we decided to make one final tripto the Faroe Islands,
1459 01:13:37 in the hopes ofwitnessing one of these hunts
1460 01:13:39 and speaking to a whaler.
1461 01:13:41 Some years on the islands,
1462 01:13:43 a whale hunt may only occura handful of times.
1463 01:13:46 Other years, none at all.
1464 01:13:49 We patiently awaitednews of a hunt for ten days,
1465 01:13:52 until finally, we received the call.
1466 01:13:55 [phone ringing]
1467 01:14:00 There's a Grind? How far?
1468 01:14:03 Okay.
1469 01:14:05 Hvannasund?
1470 01:14:06 How do you spell that?
1471 01:14:08 H-V… yeah.
1472 01:14:10 S-U-N-D.
1473 01:14:12 Yeah, I know where it is. Okay, okay.See you later.
1474 01:14:33 [ethereal music playing]
1475 01:15:26 [men shouting in Faroese]
1476 01:15:40 -[whale squeaking]-[men continue shouting]
1477 01:15:48 [ethereal music continues]
1478 01:16:54 [singers vocalizing]
1479 01:17:38 [music fades to silence]
1480 01:17:47 [Ali] In the chaosof everything that happened,
1481 01:17:49 I finally understood sustainability.
1482 01:17:52 It just meant that somethingcould continue on and on forever
1483 01:17:57 regardless of how muchsuffering it caused.
1484 01:18:00 In reality,
1485 01:18:01 the Grind was about as sustainableas you could get.
1486 01:18:04 But I began to wonderwhether sustainability
1487 01:18:06 was truly the right goalfor how we took care of the ocean.
1488 01:18:13 [Rasmussen]So, I don't feel like I'm a bad person.
1489 01:18:15 If somebody want to say, "Yeah,you're a bad person for killing a whale."
1490 01:18:20 Uh, I would rather kill one whalethan 2,000 chickens.
1491 01:18:24 That's about the same amount of meat.
1492 01:18:27 Uh, so if the worldwants to take 2,000 lives,
1493 01:18:30 and we are taking one, you're welcome.
1494 01:18:33 And at that point,
1495 01:18:34 I feel like I'm a better personthan many other people
1496 01:18:39 that are thinking about,
1497 01:18:42 "Yeah, we had salmonfor dinner last night."
1498 01:18:44 Yeah?
1499 01:18:46 Four people, salmon,
1500 01:18:47 that means two, three salmons killed.
1501 01:18:51 Do you really feel good about yourselfkilling two salmons
1502 01:18:56 for eating dinner?
1503 01:18:58 Uh, I can follow the thoughtsthat people are saying,
1504 01:19:01 "If you want to eat, don't kill anything."
1505 01:19:04 Like, just eating vegetables, and fruits,and stuff like that.
1506 01:19:08 I can go along with that,
1507 01:19:09 but I really can't go along with peoplethat are saying,
1508 01:19:13 Uh, "You must not kill Grind."
1509 01:19:16 And then, they are killingor eating other animals.
1510 01:19:19 For me, a fish, a chicken, a whale,
1511 01:19:22 exactly the same value.
1512 01:19:24 It has one life.
1513 01:19:27 And…
1514 01:19:28 some say it doesn't need to be takenfor getting food,
1515 01:19:31 but that's what we are doing.
1516 01:19:34 [somber orchestral music playing]
1517 01:19:40 [Ali] Although I didn't agreewith everything he said,
1518 01:19:42 the whaler had a point.
1519 01:19:44 All this time, I had only looked at fish
1520 01:19:46 and other marine life in termsof sustainability and ecological impact,
1521 01:19:49 but I never considered the livesof these animals in their own right,
1522 01:19:52 or whether they could feel.
1523 01:19:55 To me, it's remarkablethat the question is even asked that,
1524 01:19:59 "Do fish feel pain?"[chuckles incredulously]
1525 01:20:03 As a scientist, it's common sense.
1526 01:20:07 They have a nervous system, fish do.
1527 01:20:09 They have the basic elementsthat all vertebrates have.
1528 01:20:13 They have the capacity to feel on a level
1529 01:20:17 that I almost can't imagine we can.
1530 01:20:19 We feel pain, we feel touch.
1531 01:20:22 But fish have a lateral linedown their sides
1532 01:20:25 that senses the most exquisitelittle movements in the water.
1533 01:20:29 So you see a thousand fishmoving like one fish.
1534 01:20:32 Those who say, "Doesn't matter what youdo to a fish, they can't feel anything."
1535 01:20:36 Or that they-- Their consciousness,they can't relate to pain,
1536 01:20:40 or they can't sense danger in the future.
1537 01:20:42 Well, they haven't really observed fish.
1538 01:20:45 I think it's a justification
1539 01:20:48 for doing dastardly thingsto innocent creatures.
1540 01:20:52 It's the only explanation I can think offor treating fish
1541 01:20:56 with such a barbaric attitude.
1542 01:20:59 [Ali] So you don't eat fish?
1543 01:21:01 Oh, I don't eat fish now, or any animal.
1544 01:21:05 [Ali] A scientific panelfor the European Union
1545 01:21:07 concluded that fish do in fact feel painand experience fear.
1546 01:21:11 Just like dolphins and whales,
1547 01:21:14 fish can also have complex social lives,
1548 01:21:16 even teaming up with other speciesto find food.
1549 01:21:19 With research proving, once and for all,the intelligence, memory capabilities,
1550 01:21:23 and sentience of these animals,
1551 01:21:25 fish, and even crustaceans,were more like us
1552 01:21:28 than we ever expected.
1553 01:21:29 Fishes probably invented allof the familiar senses to us.
1554 01:21:33 Uh, they've been around a long time.
1555 01:21:35 So they have excellent vision, hearing,
1556 01:21:38 sense of touch, sense of smell and taste.
1557 01:21:40 They have the right kind of pain receptors
1558 01:21:42 for physical, chemical,and heat types of pain,
1559 01:21:45 the same three kinds that we have.
1560 01:21:48 And also, there's evidencethat fishes show, uh, curiosity,
1561 01:21:51 perhaps concern, perhaps, uh, fear,
1562 01:21:53 when they can see other fishesbeing taken out of their tanks,
1563 01:21:56 and chopped up on a blockright outside the tank.
1564 01:21:59 It could be family members,or relatives,
1565 01:22:01 or just individualswho they've gotten to like over time.
1566 01:22:04 There's emerging science on how animalsdo use democratic decision-making.
1567 01:22:08 One example is herrings, they havea very curious way of communicating.
1568 01:22:12 They actually fart to communicate.
1569 01:22:14 So, if 60% of the herringsin the school are farting,
1570 01:22:17 then that means it's time to leave,maybe not surprisingly.
1571 01:22:20 But they actually use thatas a communication tool.
1572 01:22:23 [Balcombe and Ali laughing]
1573 01:22:25 [laughing] I can't keep a straight face.
1574 01:22:27 [both laughing]
1575 01:22:29 [Ali] As hilarious as that was,
1576 01:22:30 I'd always been taught that seafoodwas an important part of a healthy diet,
1577 01:22:34 and I still had some questions.
1578 01:22:35 [Ali] What am I going to miss out onif I stopped eating seafood?
1579 01:22:39 Well, what you're gonna miss out on,
1580 01:22:41 if you stopped eating seafood,
1581 01:22:43 is you're gonna miss out onall that toxic heavy metal.
1582 01:22:45 Mercury, right?
1583 01:22:46 You're gonna decrease your intakeof dioxins and PCBs,
1584 01:22:50 these other, you know,persistent organic pollutants.
1585 01:22:52 The aquatic food chain
1586 01:22:54 is the most concentrated sourceof industrial pollutants.
1587 01:22:59 The thought of clean fish?
1588 01:23:00 There's just dirty fishand then dirtier fish.
1589 01:23:03 And so if you look at the number onesource of dioxin exposure,
1590 01:23:06 of toxic heavy metal exposure,PCB exposure,
1591 01:23:09 of hexachlorobenzene,
1592 01:23:10 plastics compounds,flame-retardant chemicals…
1593 01:23:13 I mean,you name your industrial pollutant,
1594 01:23:15 it's found most concentrated in fish.
1595 01:23:17 Again, because that's just wherethe pollutants eventually end up.
1596 01:23:22 Mercury is totally a toxicantto the body.
1597 01:23:25 Let's say mercury from some industrypollutes the air or the water.
1598 01:23:28 Small bacteria, plankton,they start picking up on the mercury.
1599 01:23:32 And then, small creatures eat those.
1600 01:23:35 Then you've got the smaller fisheaten by the bigger fish, and so on.
1601 01:23:38 In essence,this is called bioaccumulation.
1602 01:23:41 So there's other things in fish,it's not just omega-3 fatty acids.
1603 01:23:45 Those contaminants oftentimesoutweigh the benefits of the nutrients.
1604 01:23:50 A common belief isthat fish are the best source
1605 01:23:52 of these essential omega-3 fatty acids,
1606 01:23:56 but people don't realizethat fish don't make omega-3 fatty acids.
1607 01:23:59 It's the algae cellsthat are making the omega-3 fats,
1608 01:24:03 and the fish swallow the algae cells.
1609 01:24:06 And the algal DHA is what winds upin the fish's flesh,
1610 01:24:10 that when we kill the fish,and crush its flesh,
1611 01:24:12 and squeeze out the "fish oil"for the omega-3s,
1612 01:24:15 it was really algae oilin there all the time.
1613 01:24:18 So why not just eat the algae that hasthose great benefits we're looking for?
1614 01:24:22 Why even mess with the middleman,
1615 01:24:24 and just eat the direct source.
1616 01:24:26 We started New Wave Foodswith the mission to disrupt seafood,
1617 01:24:29 not oceans,by creating seafood from sea plants.
1618 01:24:32 So you're not gonna miss out on taste,it's there for you. It's delicious.
1619 01:24:36 But you will miss the cholesterol,there's no PCBs,
1620 01:24:39 no mercury, no heavy antibiotics.
1621 01:24:42 You get the things you want from seafood,but none of the negative things.
1622 01:24:46 Plant-based solutions, I think,
1623 01:24:47 is definitely one of the best optionsthat we have to go forward.
1624 01:24:50 Traditional animal agriculture,raising cows and chickens on land,
1625 01:24:55 have huge impacts in the ocean.
1626 01:24:56 The runoff from those procedurescreate dead zones in the environment.
1627 01:24:59 And fishing and fish farming, too.So if we can find alternatives
1628 01:25:02 that are just as delicious,just as healthy for you,
1629 01:25:05 but better for the environment,why wouldn't we do it?
1630 01:25:08 [Ali] My journey had taken me far.
1631 01:25:10 And despite witnessingcatastrophic destruction,
1632 01:25:13 I had more admiration for the oceanthan ever before.
1633 01:25:17 I felt empowered by what I'd learned,
1634 01:25:19 and couldn't wait to put it into practice.
1635 01:25:21 Although I still pick up trash on beaches,
1636 01:25:24 and have embarked on a projectto continue investigating
1637 01:25:27 and reporting on environmental issues,
1638 01:25:30 with so many plant-based alternatives
1639 01:25:32 emerging for almost every seafood productI could imagine…
1640 01:25:37 I realized the single best thingI could do every single day
1641 01:25:41 to protect the oceanand the marine life I loved,
1642 01:25:44 was to simply...
1643 01:25:46 not eat them.
1644 01:25:48 [Roberts] If we protect moreand fish less,
1645 01:25:50 and restore that kind of balance
1646 01:25:53 and healthy ecosystem,
1647 01:25:54 they've got a good chance of making itthrough the tough times ahead.
1648 01:25:58 There is real hope here
1649 01:25:59 because marine ecosystemsbounce back so quickly
1650 01:26:03 if they're allowed to.
1651 01:26:05 You would see the reefs coming back,
1652 01:26:07 you would seethese incredible shoals of fish returning,
1653 01:26:11 you would see the whalesreturning to our coast.
1654 01:26:14 This is within our grasp.
1655 01:26:17 We can do this.
1656 01:26:18 The prospects for marine recovery,
1657 01:26:21 for rewilding, are incredibly exciting,
1658 01:26:24 but it can only happenif very large areas of sea
1659 01:26:28 are closed to commercial fishing.
1660 01:26:31 And while governmentsare not prepared to take action,
1661 01:26:34 and while the industryis basically unregulated,
1662 01:26:37 the only ethical thing to do
1663 01:26:40 is to stop eating fish.
1664 01:26:41 It isn't too late to take the best hopewe will ever have
1665 01:26:47 of having a home in this universe.
1666 01:26:49 To respect what we've got,to protect what remains,
1667 01:26:53 don't let any of the pieces escape.
1668 01:26:55 Most of the positive and negative things
1669 01:26:58 that bring about changein human civilization
1670 01:27:01 start with someone.
1671 01:27:03 Some "one."
1672 01:27:05 And no one can do everything,
1673 01:27:08 but every one can do something.
1674 01:27:12 And sometimes,
1675 01:27:14 big ideas make a big difference.
1676 01:27:16 That's what we can do.
1677 01:27:18 That's what you can do right now.
1678 01:27:22 Look in the mirror, figure it out.
1679 01:27:24 Go for it.
1680 01:27:27 ["Whale Song" by Caravãna Sun playing]
1681 01:27:42 ♪ You see the truth ♪
1682 01:27:46 ♪ Always finds a way ♪
1683 01:27:49 ♪ To rise above the wavesAnd I'm scared ♪
1684 01:27:53 ♪ To see what I've become ♪
1685 01:27:56 ♪ All I was ♪
1686 01:27:58 ♪ Like a whale ♪
1687 01:28:02 ♪ Gasping for air ♪
1688 01:28:06 ♪ I'm diving deep ♪
1689 01:28:10 ♪ I'm diving deep ♪
1690 01:28:12 ♪ Motions of emotionsMotions of emotions ♪
1691 01:28:15 ♪ Motions of emotionsMotions of emotions ♪
1692 01:28:19 ♪ Motions of emotionsMotions of emotions ♪
1693 01:28:23 ♪ Motions of emotionsMotions of emotions ♪
1694 01:28:27 ♪ Take me over the oceans ♪
1695 01:28:29 ♪ That I believe ♪
1696 01:28:34 ♪ It's the only thingThat's been honest to me ♪
1697 01:28:43 ♪ Take me over the oceans ♪
1698 01:28:45 ♪ That I believe ♪
1699 01:28:50 ♪ It's the only thingThat's been honest ♪