红毛猩猩的秘密生活 Secret Lives of Orangutans(2024)(EN)Subtitles
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1 00:00:08 [mysterious music playing]
2 00:00:11 [David Attenborough] This forestis home to the biggest and heaviest
3 00:00:16 of all tree-living animals.
4 00:00:19 [branches rustling]
5 00:00:30 -[whimsical music playing]-[David] During their long lives,
6 00:00:34 they may never evenput a foot on the ground.
7 00:00:45 That is why so little was known about them
8 00:00:49 until just a few decades ago.
9 00:00:57 Yet they are one of our closest relatives,
10 00:01:00 sharing nearly 30physical characteristics with us.
11 00:01:07 Even their name, orang hutan,means "person of the forest."
12 00:01:15 Despite their great size and strength,
13 00:01:18 these are gentle, thoughtful,problem-solving creatures…
14 00:01:27 and perhaps more relatable to usthan any other great ape.
15 00:01:31 [bird chirping]
16 00:01:34 Looking at an orangutan, it's hardnot to see something of ourselves.
17 00:01:40 And while we may never knowexactly what they're thinking,
18 00:01:43 think, they surely do.
19 00:01:46 [whimsical music continues]
20 00:02:16 [music fades]
21 00:02:19 [contemplative music playing]
22 00:02:21 Orangutans once lived right acrossthe Indonesian island of Sumatra.
23 00:02:27 But much of their foresthas now been felled.
24 00:02:31 And today, the few thousand that remainare restricted to the far north.
25 00:02:37 Here, one place stands out.
26 00:02:41 Suaq.
27 00:02:43 A small stretch of swamp forest…
28 00:02:48 bordered to the west by the Limbang River,
29 00:02:51 which acts as a barrierto human development.
30 00:02:55 [majestic music playing]
31 00:02:58 Suaq's forest has remainedunchanged for thousands of years.
32 00:03:06 It's prime orangutan habitat…
33 00:03:11 and now has the highest densityof these red-haired apes
34 00:03:15 as anywhere on the planet.
35 00:03:18 [whimsical music playing]
36 00:03:21 It's a neighborhoodof over 200 identifiable individuals.
37 00:03:34 And for the last 30 years,
38 00:03:37 they have been watched by scientistsof the Orangutan Research Project.
39 00:03:45 But whether the observersare field scientists or filmmakers,
40 00:03:50 just glimpsing an orangutanin the treetops of the swamp below
41 00:03:55 is not enough.
42 00:03:59 You need to see them close up,high in the canopy.
43 00:04:05 [branches cracking]
44 00:04:09 And new filming techniques,such as small drones,
45 00:04:13 are now enabling us to do exactly that,
46 00:04:17 revealing more detailsof their private lives than ever before.
47 00:04:25 Orangs are normally solitary,
48 00:04:27 but those living hereare remarkably social.
49 00:04:31 [whimsical music continues]
50 00:04:33 They watch and learn from one another,
51 00:04:36 and by doing sohave created a unique culture.
52 00:04:43 The use of tools is rareamong orangutans elsewhere,
53 00:04:47 but not here,
54 00:04:50 and such skills are passed downto each new generation.
55 00:04:54 [music fades out]
56 00:04:59 At the center of this long-running studyare three closely related females.
57 00:05:06 The most senior is Friska,
58 00:05:09 skilled at sucking termites out of sticks.
59 00:05:13 [gentle music playing]
60 00:05:16 She's over 60 years of ageand one of the world's oldest wild orangs.
61 00:05:23 Next, Friska's daughter Ellie,always eating.
62 00:05:30 And lastly, Ellie's child, Eden,
63 00:05:35 who is approachingthe biggest milestone in an orang's life.
64 00:05:41 She's recognizableby the spike in her hair,
65 00:05:45 a feature she's had since she was a baby.
66 00:05:55 This is Eden, aged two,
67 00:05:59 with Mum Ellie.
68 00:06:03 The bond betweenmother orangutan and child
69 00:06:06 is one of the longestand strongest in the natural world,
70 00:06:10 second only to humans.
71 00:06:16 A young orangutan will spendthousands of hours watching its mother.
72 00:06:31 That is how they learn whichof the jungle's many species of plant
73 00:06:35 are safe to eat…
74 00:06:39 and, just as important, how to eat them.
75 00:06:46 It's an education that can take a decade.
76 00:06:56 But all that was six years ago.
77 00:07:02 Eden is now eightand knows quite a lot about the jungle.
78 00:07:13 She's learned which plantsin this sea of green are good to eat.
79 00:07:23 What hasn't yet changedis her relationship with her mother.
80 00:07:27 [animal calling]
81 00:07:31 Ellie is never far away,
82 00:07:35 and watching her is stillEden's quickest way of finding food.
83 00:07:43 Such as these termites.
84 00:07:53 For Eden,sharing with her mother is a way of life.
85 00:08:00 Until now.
86 00:08:04 That slap is not a good sign.
87 00:08:11 Something has changed.
88 00:08:14 [intriguing music playing]
89 00:08:17 There has been a new arrival.
90 00:08:27 It's about half the size of a human baby
91 00:08:30 and probably the first newbornthat Eden has ever seen.
92 00:08:42 [chitters]
93 00:08:46 All rather bewildering.
94 00:08:49 Though the newcomeris surely worth a closer look.
95 00:09:10 But her mother doesn't want her too close.
96 00:09:14 [whimsical music playing]
97 00:09:24 For eight years, mother and firstbornhave done everything together.
98 00:09:29 [contemplative music playing]
99 00:09:31 Now, two have become three,
100 00:09:35 and it all seems different.
101 00:09:43 Nevertheless,it's still best to follow Mum.
102 00:09:48 [whimsical music playing]
103 00:09:57 Even at the age of eight,Eden has always kept her mother in sight.
104 00:10:10 That is not easy in the dense jungle…
105 00:10:15 but getting lost would be dangerous.
106 00:10:24 And wherever Ellie is,food is not far away.
107 00:10:34 To power their big brains and bodies,
108 00:10:37 orangutans spend much of their day eating.
109 00:10:45 These melaka fruitare just one of over 300 kinds of food
110 00:10:50 that Ellie and Eden will eat.
111 00:10:57 Collecting some foodrequires special techniques.
112 00:11:03 [munching]
113 00:11:12 For Eden, copying Mumhas always been the best policy.
114 00:11:21 But when a snack can bite back…
115 00:11:24 [mandibles clanging]
116 00:11:27 …you've got to get the techniquejust right.
117 00:11:36 Eden will quickly learnthat using your fingertips
118 00:11:39 is not the best way to pick up ants.
119 00:11:42 [shrieks]
120 00:11:46 [shrieks]
121 00:11:49 As ever,nothing comes between Ellie and her food,
122 00:11:53 and that includes baby's arm.
123 00:11:56 [baby squeals]
124 00:12:07 With a new baby to support,
125 00:12:09 Ellie must eataround 3,000 calories a day.
126 00:12:17 Leaves are an important partof their diet.
127 00:12:22 But even the right kindneed some processing.
128 00:12:26 Which means spitting outthe bitter-tasting tannins.
129 00:12:30 [whimsical music continues]
130 00:12:42 [gentle music playing]
131 00:12:44 Newborn orangutansspend a lot of time sleeping,
132 00:12:49 just as human babies do.
133 00:12:52 The only differenceis that they must do so
134 00:12:55 while keeping a tight grip on Mother.
135 00:13:08 After a few hours spent feeding,orangutans like to take a nap.
136 00:13:16 But now, the new baby seemsto have taken Eden's place in the nest.
137 00:13:32 It's hard when your motherdoesn't seem to be as interested
138 00:13:36 in you as she once was.
139 00:13:47 Soon Eden will have to finda new home in this forest
140 00:13:52 and fend for herself.
141 00:13:56 [animals chittering]
142 00:14:04 [contemplative music playing]
143 00:14:08 Elsewhere in the neighborhood,
144 00:14:10 Eden's cousin Pepitois facing his own moment of truth.
145 00:14:21 His mother, Piniata,is ready to have another baby.
146 00:14:27 A year older than Eden,
147 00:14:29 this is as good a sign as any
148 00:14:32 that it's timefor Pepito to go off by himself.
149 00:14:37 [expectant music playing]
150 00:14:46 Going solo is the most dangerous timein a young orang's life.
151 00:14:53 To succeed, you need know-how, confidence,
152 00:14:59 and vigilance.
153 00:15:02 [suspenseful music playing]
154 00:15:07 [intriguing music playing]
155 00:15:13 And what better way to show confidence…
156 00:15:18 than quelling the demonsin the swamp below?
157 00:15:28 [adventurous music playing]
158 00:15:31 Even if it's only a harmless tortoise.
159 00:15:36 [music intensifies]
160 00:15:41 [tense music playing]
161 00:15:47 [adventurous music playing]
162 00:15:58 This might appear to bea somewhat over-the-top reaction,
163 00:16:03 but in orang society,
164 00:16:07 boys are known to bemore boisterous than girls.
165 00:16:13 And that isn't the only differencebetween the genders.
166 00:16:17 [music fades]
167 00:16:22 To fulfill their potential,
168 00:16:24 newly independent young males like Pepito
169 00:16:27 must find an adult maleas a role model from whom to learn.
170 00:16:31 [contemplative music playing]
171 00:16:35 In the meantime,there's an opportunity to watch the use
172 00:16:39 of an important Suaq skill.
173 00:16:49 The fruiting of cemanang trees
174 00:16:52 is much anticipated by adult orangutans.
175 00:17:00 The pods contain very nutritious seeds.
176 00:17:06 But you have to know how to get at them.
177 00:17:12 Until they ripen,the pods are almost impossible to open.
178 00:17:21 Inside each are dozens of seeds,
179 00:17:24 protected by thousandsof glass-like hairs.
180 00:17:30 Once open, the only safe wayto reach the calorie-rich seeds
181 00:17:35 is by using a tool.
182 00:17:39 And with decades of experience,
183 00:17:42 60-year-old Friska is an expert.
184 00:17:47 [upbeat music playing]
185 00:17:53 With the right size stick,
186 00:17:55 she can pop out the seedswithout touching the irritating hairs.
187 00:18:10 Suaq's orangs are virtuallythe only ones able to do this,
188 00:18:14 though perfecting the skillcan take years.
189 00:18:25 Females have usually learned itby the time they're about 14 years old.
190 00:18:33 Most males take a little longer than that.
191 00:18:43 Youngsters like Pepito and Edenhave to watch the adults carefully
192 00:18:47 if they're ever to master the techniqueand enjoy this high-protein food.
193 00:18:55 And remarkably, even afterthey've been chewed by the orangs,
194 00:19:00 the seeds are still able to germinate.
195 00:19:09 -[animals chittering]-[music fades out]
196 00:19:16 Old Friska is on a tripthrough the neighborhood.
197 00:19:19 [whimsical music playing]
198 00:19:24 She's come to visit her daughter Ellie.
199 00:19:28 Perhaps she's awareof the new addition to her family.
200 00:19:39 Friska is not just mother of six,she's also a great-grandmother.
201 00:19:45 And this new baby is her fifth grandchild,
202 00:19:49 making her the neighborhood'smost successful female.
203 00:19:58 But the relationship betweengrandchild number five and number four,
204 00:20:02 spiky-haired Eden, remains frosty.
205 00:20:19 Mothering styles among orangutans vary.
206 00:20:26 Friska is known to be strict.
207 00:20:30 The researchers noticedthat compared to other mothers,
208 00:20:34 she let her infants cry more often
209 00:20:36 and gave in to their demandsless frequently.
210 00:20:42 A tough-love approachthat has been inherited by Ellie,
211 00:20:46 who is now applying itto her oldest child, Eden.
212 00:20:51 [gentle music playing]
213 00:20:52 Her mother's attentionis now focused on the new baby,
214 00:20:56 who seems to have won overeven grumpy Granny.
215 00:21:05 Like cousin Pepito,
216 00:21:09 the moment has comefor Eden to spend time away from Mum.
217 00:21:16 It will be a whole new experience,
218 00:21:18 being on her own.
219 00:21:25 And without her mother,
220 00:21:27 she will have to dealwith many unfamiliar orangutans.
221 00:21:33 [music fades]
222 00:21:39 One of these will be very interestedin the more independent Eden.
223 00:21:44 [intriguing music playing]
224 00:21:49 Twenty-eight-year-old Sulli,
225 00:21:52 always on the lookoutfor new relationships.
226 00:21:57 So any movement in the treescatches his eye.
227 00:22:08 Despite his age, Sulli hasn't yetdeveloped into a fully mature male
228 00:22:13 with the pads on his cheeksthat are known as flanges.
229 00:22:19 And even for an unflanged male,he's still rather small.
230 00:22:31 But what he lacks in stature,he makes up for in determination.
231 00:22:41 And Sulli the unflangedhas just spotted a familiar face.
232 00:22:47 [intriguing music continues]
233 00:22:49 Twenty-one-year-old Lily.
234 00:22:56 As a subordinate male,
235 00:22:58 Sulli must take the initiativewhen it comes to befriending females.
236 00:23:22 She doesn't seem interested,
237 00:23:25 but when you're an unflanged male,you have to persevere.
238 00:23:34 [music fades]
239 00:23:36 [tense music playing]
240 00:23:41 With his focus on Lily,
241 00:23:43 Sulli hasn't realizedthat he's being watched by Split Lip Otto,
242 00:23:50 Suaq's oldbut still dominant flanged male.
243 00:23:57 He won't tolerate a subordinate like Sulli
244 00:24:00 getting friendlywith females on his patch.
245 00:24:03 [music intensifies]
246 00:24:10 [music becomes quiet]
247 00:24:13 Otto must remind him who's boss.
248 00:24:27 Sulli had better make himself scarce.
249 00:24:31 [music intensifies]
250 00:24:40 One advantage of being an unflanged male
251 00:24:43 is that you can move much fasterthan heavyweights like Otto.
252 00:24:57 So staying one step ahead isn't hard.
253 00:25:06 For Otto, it's not easyputting the frighteners on someone
254 00:25:10 if you can't get close.
255 00:25:16 But shaking branches
256 00:25:18 is a flanged male's wayof saying, "Get lost."
257 00:25:24 Job done.
258 00:25:27 At least for now.
259 00:25:33 [tense music becomes quiet]
260 00:25:36 [warbling call echoes]
261 00:25:41 [warbling continues]
262 00:25:47 [warbling continues]
263 00:25:49 This sound is a long call…
264 00:25:51 [calling]
265 00:25:53 …made by another flanged male.
266 00:25:56 [calling]
267 00:26:05 [moody music playing]
268 00:26:08 Titan.
269 00:26:09 He wants Otto's title.
270 00:26:16 If he gets it, he will be the onethat breeding females will choose.
271 00:26:29 So Titan the challenger goes in pursuit,
272 00:26:34 and Otto makes a run for it.
273 00:26:36 [dramatic, action music playing]
274 00:26:39 [calling]
275 00:26:45 Combat risks injury or worse.
276 00:26:54 So flanged maleswill only fight if they have to.
277 00:27:01 Far better if the contestcan be decided by a show of strength.
278 00:27:09 And Titan knowshow to rattle the old man's cage.
279 00:27:15 [animals howling]
280 00:27:19 Otto's only goal now is gettingas far away from Titan as possible.
281 00:27:34 [music becomes quiet]
282 00:27:37 Titan may have seen off Otto,
283 00:27:40 but he's not yet the dominant male.
284 00:27:46 To win that title, he will probablyhave to face much stronger opponents.
285 00:27:58 This won't be one of them.
286 00:28:00 [comical music playing]
287 00:28:05 -It's Pepito.-[music fades]
288 00:28:07 For a newly independent young male,
289 00:28:09 Titan is the perfect role modelto learn from.
290 00:28:15 [upbeat music playing]
291 00:28:18 At nearly 90 kilos,
292 00:28:21 Titan can use his weight to swing acrossgaps between trees, and so save energy.
293 00:28:33 That's worth a go, surely.
294 00:28:35 [upbeat music becomes lively]
295 00:28:44 The problem of being a lightweight.
296 00:29:04 [music becomes quiet and suspenseful]
297 00:29:08 But there are other ways to cross gaps.
298 00:29:12 [music becomes mysterious]
299 00:29:15 The question is,will this vine carry his weight?
300 00:29:28 Perhaps it's a bit risky.
301 00:29:32 It's a big drop to the swamp below.
302 00:29:39 Oh, what the hell.
303 00:29:41 [adventurous music playing]
304 00:30:17 He's not saved any energy,
305 00:30:20 but play is all partof the learning experience.
306 00:30:24 [music stops]
307 00:30:27 [calling]
308 00:30:31 Titan is advertising.
309 00:30:33 [Titan calling]
310 00:30:35 [upbeat music playing]
311 00:30:39 Time for Pepito to resumehis shadowing of the big, flanged male.
312 00:30:44 [calling]
313 00:30:48 If he can disentangle himselffrom these branches.
314 00:30:57 [Titan continues calling]
315 00:31:06 Long calls are notjust about power and territory.
316 00:31:11 Scientists have recently discoveredthey also communicate future travel plans.
317 00:31:18 Titan's call tells other orangutansin which direction he'll be traveling,
318 00:31:24 even into the next day.
319 00:31:27 [Titan continues calling]
320 00:31:30 [music becomes ominous]
321 00:31:33 Fair warningto any other flanged male in his path.
322 00:31:39 [animal grunting]
323 00:31:45 [music becomes quiet and dramatic]
324 00:31:47 It's not good news for Split Lip Otto.
325 00:32:00 Once the king of Suaq,what he now needs is a quiet retirement.
326 00:32:08 That could lieon the other side of the river,
327 00:32:11 but how's he to get there?
328 00:32:15 Orangutans are afraid of water.
329 00:32:20 [animal grunting]
330 00:32:27 A bridge used by the monkeyscould be the answer.
331 00:32:41 But Otto is more than ten times heavierthan a langur monkey.
332 00:32:50 And there could be crocodilesin the river below.
333 00:32:57 [music becomes moody]
334 00:33:20 Otto's self-imposed exile from Suaqmarks the end of an era.
335 00:33:29 And without an established dominant male,
336 00:33:32 other younger males will risefrom the ranks to claim the position.
337 00:33:43 So it won't be long before Titanwill have to face another opponent.
338 00:33:51 [music fades out]
339 00:33:55 [upbeat music playing]
340 00:34:02 [animal calling]
341 00:34:10 Over the last few months,
342 00:34:12 Eden has settled downin her own patch of swamp forest,
343 00:34:17 not far from Ellie, her mother.
344 00:34:21 She's returned home several times,
345 00:34:24 but such visits are now less frequent.
346 00:34:31 And like all the neighborhood orangutans,
347 00:34:34 she's getting used to being by herself.
348 00:34:42 But she still wants to know what'sgoing on when other residents appear,
349 00:34:47 particularly if they arefamily or friends.
350 00:34:58 It's Olala, a juvenile female.
351 00:35:04 She isn't family,
352 00:35:05 but here in Suaq, young unrelated femalesoften tolerate each other.
353 00:35:14 [dramatic musical hit]
354 00:35:16 -But not this time.-[mischievous music playing]
355 00:35:19 Eden and Olala's familieshave had a long-running feud.
356 00:35:27 And there's no sign of it cooling.
357 00:35:33 Eden must try to drive Olala away.
358 00:35:37 [dramatic music playing]
359 00:35:58 [music becomes quiet and dramatic]
360 00:36:09 [gentle music playing]
361 00:36:16 Standing up to Olalaand defending her territory
362 00:36:20 shows she's come a long waysince leaving home.
363 00:36:27 She returns to her berries,
364 00:36:30 not yet aware of a new visitor.
365 00:36:34 [mysterious music playing]
366 00:36:41 It's Sulli, the unflanged.
367 00:36:44 [whimsical music playing]
368 00:36:50 He's come here to make friends with Eden.
369 00:37:01 Eden seems unsure.
370 00:37:09 She's never been alone with a male before.
371 00:37:18 Eden pauses,perhaps to assess the situation.
372 00:37:26 He seems friendly.
373 00:37:29 But what Eden doesn't know
374 00:37:32 is that Sulli's strategyis more calculated.
375 00:37:37 If he can developa friendship with her now,
376 00:37:40 he might have more of a chancewhen she's old enough to breed.
377 00:37:55 [music stops]
378 00:37:56 [contemplative music playing]
379 00:38:02 Maybe that look was an encouraging sign.
380 00:38:12 Eden settles downwith a stick full of termites.
381 00:38:24 And when Sulli catches up,
382 00:38:26 he shares her stick.
383 00:38:34 So far, everything Eden has learnedhas come from her mother, Ellie.
384 00:38:41 But watching Sulli is a chanceto learn other ways of doing things,
385 00:38:46 expanding her knowledgeof how to live in this forest.
386 00:38:56 And while motherhoodis not yet on her mind…
387 00:39:02 perhaps this strange male is moreinteresting than she first thought.
388 00:39:19 [music fades out]
389 00:39:22 Not far away,Eden's mother, Ellie, is in a mango tree.
390 00:39:28 [heartfelt music playing]
391 00:39:30 Her baby is doing well.
392 00:39:35 The human observers have named him Emen.
393 00:39:44 Three months old, he still hasa lot to learn about the world around him.
394 00:39:52 [whimsical music playing]
395 00:39:57 In Suaq,termites are a very familiar sight.
396 00:40:05 The shy, fluffy-backed tit-babbler,on the other hand…
397 00:40:09 [chirping]
398 00:40:11 …is more often heard than seen.
399 00:40:22 There are thousands of different speciesof animal in this forest.
400 00:40:34 And wherever the two orangs go,
401 00:40:37 there will be new thingsfor Emen to wonder at.
402 00:40:41 [upbeat music continues]
403 00:41:06 [grunts]
404 00:41:11 Emen will eventually become familiarwith most of these creatures…
405 00:41:17 and learn which are harmless,
406 00:41:21 and which are not.
407 00:41:23 [music becomes ominous]
408 00:41:28 Ellie needs to warn her sonwhen animals are dangerous
409 00:41:32 so that Emen knows how to avoid them.
410 00:41:37 A bite from a pit viper could be fatal.
411 00:41:40 [music stops]
412 00:41:42 [gentle music playing]
413 00:41:45 Like Eden before him,
414 00:41:47 Emen will be closely guarded by Elliefor many years to come.
415 00:41:55 It's why infant survival is higheramong orangutans than any other great ape.
416 00:42:18 It's time for Ellieto make a nest for the night.
417 00:42:25 She prepares a leafy mattress.
418 00:42:32 It will be years before Emen is ableto build a nest for himself.
419 00:42:42 Exactly how to do thatis something he'll learn from his mother.
420 00:42:49 Orangutans build new nests every night.
421 00:42:56 And they're the most complexmade by any great ape.
422 00:43:02 The style variesfrom one individual to another.
423 00:43:08 Some even add leaf pillows.
424 00:43:15 [yawns]
425 00:43:26 [quiet snoring]
426 00:43:33 [music fades out]
427 00:43:37 -[contemplative music playing]-[animals chittering]
428 00:43:48 It's 6:00 a.m.
429 00:43:50 Wake-up time.
430 00:43:55 [insects buzzing]
431 00:43:58 [insects buzzing]
432 00:44:06 For those having a lie-in,the morning alarm is about to go off.
433 00:44:10 [music stops]
434 00:44:12 [whooping sounds]
435 00:44:14 Siamang gibbons.
436 00:44:16 [rapid whooping]
437 00:44:17 Suaq's dawn chorus.
438 00:44:21 Their inflatable throat sacsamplify their calls.
439 00:44:25 [whooping continues]
440 00:44:27 And it's deafening, if, like Titan,you've been sleeping right underneath.
441 00:44:46 [lively music playing]
442 00:44:48 Other residents are already on the move.
443 00:44:56 There are over 30 different speciesof termite in Suaq.
444 00:45:01 These are processional termites.
445 00:45:06 They feed on leaves, lichen and bark,which they take back to their nest.
446 00:45:17 Their columns can behundreds of meters long.
447 00:45:25 [car horns honking]
448 00:45:41 Termites play a vital role in recyclingnutrients back into the forest…
449 00:45:48 [loud rumbling]
450 00:45:52 [faint screams]
451 00:45:55 …and are also themselvesfood for large, hairy apes
452 00:46:01 like Titan.
453 00:46:13 [whimsical music playing]
454 00:46:15 [music stops]
455 00:46:16 Pepito is still watching what goes on.
456 00:46:29 Anything he learns from Titan
457 00:46:32 will be useful if he eventuallybecomes a flanged male.
458 00:46:41 Titan, however,has more important matters on his mind,
459 00:46:45 such as ripe fruit.
460 00:46:48 And he knowswhere there is a tree full of it.
461 00:46:54 [adventurous music playing]
462 00:46:56 He takes the shortest route…
463 00:47:02 only stopping if he seesother delicacies on the way.
464 00:47:11 Titan was an adultwhen he first appeared in Suaq,
465 00:47:15 but over the last decade he's built upa mental map of the fruiting trees,
466 00:47:20 memorizing not only where they are,but when they will be ready to pick.
467 00:47:33 If he wants to addto his already impressive physique
468 00:47:37 and become king of the jungle,
469 00:47:39 he needs to eat, eat, eat.
470 00:47:45 As many as 8,000 calories a day.
471 00:47:49 [lively music playing]
472 00:48:28 [animals chittering]
473 00:48:33 [mischievous music playing]
474 00:48:39 Unable to keep up with Titan,
475 00:48:41 Pepito has homed in on Olala,the young female.
476 00:48:50 She is eating the fruitsof a medang baru tree.
477 00:49:01 It's likely that Pepitohas never been around her before.
478 00:49:08 So she's worth a closer look.
479 00:49:12 And she seems interested in him.
480 00:49:23 But whether this wasthe introduction she had in mind…
481 00:49:29 is hard to say.
482 00:49:33 At this distance, Pepito can reallycheck out her feeding technique.
483 00:49:40 And maybe learn something new.
484 00:49:45 But Olala has had enoughof being stared at.
485 00:49:52 For Pepito, learning from his peersis another part of his education,
486 00:49:58 and might even increasehis survival prospects.
487 00:50:01 [music stops]
488 00:50:07 [upbeat music playing]
489 00:50:10 There's something else on Titan's mind.
490 00:50:17 And it doesn't appear to be Yulia.
491 00:50:26 As the leading male, he's a magnetfor adult females like Yulia
492 00:50:32 who are looking for a relationship.
493 00:50:38 Oddly, she's finding it difficultto get him in the right mood.
494 00:50:44 Perhaps it will helpprodding him in a delicate area.
495 00:50:52 [sniffing]
496 00:51:08 [grunts]
497 00:51:12 Time for a rethink.
498 00:51:22 A gift of a few leaves, perhaps?
499 00:51:33 Well, there's a limit on what you can do
500 00:51:37 to get someone's attention.
501 00:51:44 Or is there?
502 00:51:49 -[grunts]-[music stops]
503 00:51:52 Yulia finally gets the message.
504 00:51:55 [melancholic music playing]
505 00:51:58 Leaving the distracted Titanto his thoughts,
506 00:52:01 anxious, perhaps,about the possibility of a challenge
507 00:52:05 from a more powerful flanged male.
508 00:52:08 [thunder rumbling]
509 00:52:10 -[loud thunder rumbling]-[music stops]
510 00:52:18 Eden has found her own medang baru fruits.
511 00:52:21 [upbeat music playing]
512 00:52:24 By her side is Sulli, the unflanged.
513 00:52:32 His perseverance appears to have paid off.
514 00:52:46 To filter outthe fruit's unpalatable bits,
515 00:52:49 Eden sieves the juice through her fur.
516 00:53:02 Surprisingly, Sulli uses Eden's furfor the same job.
517 00:53:10 But has he overstepped the markwith this apparently intimate action?
518 00:53:23 She puts a little distance between them.
519 00:53:37 Sulli follows.
520 00:53:43 He's nothing if not persistent.
521 00:53:53 Researchers at Suaq have always knownSulli to be a friendly, playful character…
522 00:54:01 but he's not reading the signs from Eden.
523 00:54:07 [shrieking]
524 00:54:19 What might be playfulnessstarts to look more threatening,
525 00:54:24 and Eden wants no more of it.
526 00:54:26 [thunder rumbling]
527 00:54:33 [music fades out]
528 00:54:36 Not even a sudden rainstormcan dampen Sulli's enthusiasm.
529 00:54:50 It's all too much for Eden.
530 00:54:53 [thunderclap]
531 00:54:59 And Sulli is left alone to ponder.
532 00:55:04 [introspective music playing]
533 00:55:15 [raindrops falling]
534 00:55:59 [distant thunder rumbling]
535 00:56:07 [music fades out]
536 00:56:11 [tense music playing]
537 00:56:13 [orangutan calling]
538 00:56:22 The long calls of mature malesare as individual as fingerprints,
539 00:56:28 and this one isn't Titan's.
540 00:56:36 [calling continues]
541 00:56:48 It's another flanged male,
542 00:56:51 and one with fresh scars of battle.
543 00:56:55 [deep breathing]
544 00:57:01 This is Rakus.
545 00:57:03 Ten months ago, he was a subordinate male.
546 00:57:08 Since then, a huge surge of hormones
547 00:57:11 has caused him to nearly doublehis size and grow cheek pads.
548 00:57:17 [deep breathing]
549 00:57:21 -Rakus now wants the top spot.-[branches cracking]
550 00:57:25 but he hasn't yet seen offhis current opponent.
551 00:57:30 It's Titan.
552 00:57:32 -[calling]-[dramatic music playing]
553 00:57:50 [calling continues]
554 00:58:05 Titan's title defense could be over.
555 00:58:09 [music ends]
556 00:58:11 And Rakus looks likebeing the new contender,
557 00:58:15 though it has come at a cost.
558 00:58:18 [tense music playing]
559 00:58:20 He has a badly cut hand…
560 00:58:21 [low groan]
561 00:58:23 …a broken middle finger…
562 00:58:27 and a torn face.
563 00:58:35 These wounds will heal in time,
564 00:58:38 but his severed thumbis a different matter.
565 00:58:46 Despite his injuries,Rakus must try and stay alert.
566 00:58:54 Titan could still return.
567 00:58:58 [bird chirping]
568 00:59:04 But he can't keep watch forever.
569 00:59:08 Exhaustion will take its toll.
570 00:59:10 [tense music continues]
571 00:59:43 [insects buzzing]
572 00:59:50 Passing overhead is Sulli, the unflanged.
573 00:59:55 Ten months ago, when Rakus wasstill unflanged, the two were friends.
574 01:00:01 [music becomes suspenseful]
575 01:00:02 Not anymore.
576 01:00:05 And males challenging for dominance
577 01:00:08 have a very short fuse.
578 01:00:10 [dramatic action music playing]
579 01:00:21 [grunts]
580 01:00:22 In his haste to give chase,Rakus makes an error of judgment.
581 01:00:27 -[branch cracks]-[loud thud]
582 01:00:28 -[animals chittering]-[music stops]
583 01:00:35 [tense music playing]
584 01:00:39 But he seems okay.
585 01:00:41 [moody music playing]
586 01:01:11 He's in desperate need of rest.
587 01:01:14 [calling]
588 01:01:16 But even now,Rakus finds the energy to send out
589 01:01:19 one more message to the neighborhood.
590 01:01:24 It's a warning to flanged males,and an invitation to adult females.
591 01:01:31 [animals chittering]
592 01:01:36 [music fades out]
593 01:01:38 [dramatic music playing]
594 01:01:46 Old Friska is the firstto respond to Rakus's call.
595 01:01:55 [branch cracking]
596 01:01:57 [music becomes tense]
597 01:01:59 [calling]
598 01:02:02 The sound of her movingin the trees above sets him off again.
599 01:02:10 He doesn't yet realize it's Friska.
600 01:02:12 [continues calling]
601 01:02:20 [melancholy music playing]
602 01:02:30 The two have known each other for years…
603 01:02:36 though Friska may not have seen Rakussince he became a flanged male.
604 01:02:43 But wise old females like Friska
605 01:02:47 are very good at tellingwho the next dominant male will be.
606 01:02:56 So her visit is a vote of confidencefor the new contender.
607 01:03:04 And if Friska is to breed againand have her seventh child,
608 01:03:09 it's likely to be with him.
609 01:03:14 [music fades out]
610 01:03:17 [contemplative music playing]
611 01:03:20 [animals chittering]
612 01:03:25 Friska's grandson, Emen, is one,
613 01:03:28 and ready for his next big milestone.
614 01:03:31 [music becomes playful]
615 01:03:33 For the first four years of its life,
616 01:03:36 a baby orang is carried by its motherwherever she goes through the forest.
617 01:03:42 But Emen has reached an age when he wantsto explore the world away from Ellie.
618 01:03:48 [playful music continues]
619 01:04:03 And he gets an opportunitywhenever she stops.
620 01:04:08 As now.
621 01:04:28 [chitters]
622 01:04:31 It's a long way down.
623 01:04:35 Best hang on tight.
624 01:04:41 But this playtime is over.
625 01:04:44 [squeaking]
626 01:04:47 Now the laws of physics come into play.
627 01:04:52 Ellie must apply just the right forceto overcome the resistance.
628 01:05:14 Another opportunity?
629 01:05:20 Emen slips off again.
630 01:05:23 [playful music continues]
631 01:05:40 This may well be the furthestEmen has been away from his mother.
632 01:05:50 Three points of contactare usually recommended…
633 01:05:56 but which toddlerdoesn't push the boundaries?
634 01:06:05 [insects buzzing]
635 01:06:07 Emen's moment of freedom,however, is largely an illusion.
636 01:06:14 Like mothers the world over,
637 01:06:16 keeping an eye on babyis second nature to Ellie.
638 01:06:23 And when he is bored of going solo,
639 01:06:27 Mum's body makes an excellent playground.
640 01:06:33 [playful music fades out]
641 01:06:34 [soothing music playing]
642 01:06:42 Eden has returned home.
643 01:06:48 There are still important thingsfor Eden to learn from Mother.
644 01:07:03 Watching Ellie and Emen togethermight be the best opportunity Eden has
645 01:07:08 to see mothering in actionbefore she has her own baby.
646 01:07:15 So will her style be…
647 01:07:18 [Emen exclaims]
648 01:07:19 …tough love?
649 01:07:20 [comical music playing]
650 01:07:23 [soothing music resumes]
651 01:07:25 Or the more nurturing kind?
652 01:07:32 As with all orangs,
653 01:07:35 watching and learningwill be key to Eden's success.
654 01:07:45 [upbeat music playing]
655 01:07:47 And if there's one thing that getsthe attention of all adult orangs,
656 01:07:52 it's a tree hole.
657 01:07:56 Things live in them,
658 01:07:58 sometimes edible things.
659 01:08:03 So it's worth checking out every hole.
660 01:08:09 [insects buzzing]
661 01:08:11 And when something isbuzzing around the opening,
662 01:08:14 such as stingless bees,
663 01:08:16 it's even better.
664 01:08:21 Because that means grubs or honey.
665 01:08:25 [upbeat music continues]
666 01:08:35 Small holes require stick toolsto reach what's inside,
667 01:08:41 but not this one.
668 01:08:53 Mmm, finger-licking good.
669 01:09:06 And the best thing,
670 01:09:08 it's a honey meal with no stings attached.
671 01:09:16 Unfortunately for Eden,sharing isn't an option.
672 01:09:24 Eden must look for her own honey pot.
673 01:09:31 And she knows of one.
674 01:09:32 -[upbeat music continues]-[bees buzzing]
675 01:09:43 Like Ellie's,insects are buzzing around the entrance.
676 01:09:49 A good sign.
677 01:09:52 But these look bigger and more menacing.
678 01:10:04 It's time for a smash and grab.
679 01:10:09 [music becomes lively]
680 01:10:13 The thing aboutsticking your hand into a wasp's nest
681 01:10:18 is that you make them very angry.
682 01:10:31 The handful of grubsmay not have been worth all the stings.
683 01:10:38 She'll know better next time.
684 01:10:45 [music becomes gentle and heartfelt]
685 01:10:52 Several months have passedsince Rakus's fight with Titan.
686 01:10:59 His eye wound has healed nicely.
687 01:11:04 And he has established his statusas the undisputed king of Suaq.
688 01:11:12 To remain on top,he must stay fit and strong.
689 01:11:17 High-protein termites will help.
690 01:11:22 Though working around rotten woodcomes with risks.
691 01:11:27 [comical music playing]
692 01:11:36 [loud thud]
693 01:11:37 Ouch!
694 01:11:41 It's not a good start to Rakus's day,
695 01:11:44 but a sore head can feel betterafter a cool drink,
696 01:11:49 and in this forest,that's not difficult to find.
697 01:11:52 [upbeat music playing]
698 01:12:00 Pitcher plants.
699 01:12:02 [water trickling]
700 01:12:07 The forest's natural water pots.
701 01:12:12 Each contains a mixture of rainwaterand partially digested insects.
702 01:12:19 Nice!
703 01:12:34 As the now dominant male,Rakus' life will never be the same again.
704 01:12:40 [contemplative music playing]
705 01:12:44 He will form relationshipswith neighborhood females
706 01:12:47 like Friska and Ellie.
707 01:12:52 But he will shun all other orangutans.
708 01:13:03 Yet, as the established king,
709 01:13:05 his very presence will stopunflanged males from developing flanges.
710 01:13:15 And this will extend his reign,which could last as long as ten years.
711 01:13:23 [music stops]
712 01:13:25 [heartfelt music playing]
713 01:13:27 Things have also moved on for Eden.
714 01:13:33 She is fashioning a stick tool…
715 01:13:40 to try and reach whatever is in this hole.
716 01:13:47 For the very first time,she's figured out how to use a tool
717 01:13:52 without her mother,Ellie, showing her how.
718 01:13:57 This one, however,hasn't produced the right result.
719 01:14:02 She needs a rethink.
720 01:14:12 She's really trying to solve the problem.
721 01:14:18 So could this vine do the trick?
722 01:14:50 [uplifting music playing]
723 01:14:58 The stick is longer,
724 01:15:01 but perhaps it's still not long enough.
725 01:15:06 It will be a few yearsbefore Eden is an accomplished tool user,
726 01:15:12 but this skill is a major milestonein her own journey.
727 01:15:20 A sure sign that she's readyfor an independent life in the jungle.
728 01:15:29 There will beother challenges ahead for Eden,
729 01:15:33 but the biggest challenge for herand all the neighborhood orangs
730 01:15:37 will come fromthe world beyond their boundaries.
731 01:15:41 [music becomes heartfelt]
732 01:15:47 When old Friska was Eden's age,orangutans were found across Sumatra.
733 01:15:56 Not now.
734 01:15:58 In the last 20 years,
735 01:16:00 a staggering 80% of the world'sorangutan jungles have gone.
736 01:16:08 So will Suaq's forest last long enoughfor Pepito to make a long call?
737 01:16:18 Or for Eden to raise her own family?
738 01:16:27 With their long education,
739 01:16:30 these slow-growing apes cannot copewith rapid changes to their habitat.
740 01:16:39 Today, only the narrow Limbang River
741 01:16:42 stands between Eden's homeand relentless human development.
742 01:16:49 But as long as Suaq's forestremains protected,
743 01:16:53 the story of these remarkable relativesof ours will continue for generations yet.
744 01:17:01 That, surely, is not too much to hope for.
745 01:17:05 [music fades]
746 01:17:08 [mysterious music playing]
747 01:17:12 [orangutan calling]
748 01:18:04 [lively music playing]
749 01:18:32 [music ends]
