狂野太平洋 The Wild Pacific(CN/EN)Subtitles
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1 00:00:16 它占据地球面积的三分之一It covers more than one third of our planet.
2 00:00:20 超过了大陆面积的总和More than all off the continents combined.
3 00:00:23 2亿年来For 200 million years
4 00:00:25 它生机勃勃it has teemed with life
5 00:00:28 孕育新的物种built new species.
6 00:00:35 它的情绪会影响天气系统It's moods power weather systems.
7 00:00:39 甚至地球上的每一个生命Touching every creature on Earth.
8 00:01:21 海中巨兽开始行动Leviathans are on the move.
9 00:01:25 灰鲸向南游去Grey whales headed south
10 00:01:27 靠近加利福尼亚海岸hugging the coast of California.
11 00:01:33 两个月前它们离开了经常觅食的北极They left their feeding grounds in the arctic two months ago
12 00:01:37 几乎一刻不停地到达了目的地and will swim nearly non stop until they reach their destination.
13 00:01:43 灰鲸的迁徙距离在哺乳动物中是最远的The grey whale has the longest mammal migration know
14 00:01:47 大约一万到一万两千英里的旅程a 10 to 12
15 00:01:53 一切努力都是为了来到这里and it's all for this.
16 00:01:55 墨西哥巴哈半岛西海岸的三大泻湖Three massive lagoons on the west coast of Mexico's Baja peninsula.
17 00:02:04 第一批鲸鱼一月份就到了这里The first whales begin arriving in January.
18 00:02:10 去年在这里受孕的雌鲸回来准备生育幼崽Pregnant females who conceived here last year have returned to give birth.
19 00:02:16 其它成年鲸鱼也正在寻找伴侣The other adults are looking to mate.
20 00:02:24 16英里长 4英里宽At 16 miles long and four miles wide
21 00:02:27 圣伊格纳西奥泻湖是鲸鱼在地球上最后一块温床San Ignacio Lagoon is the last untouched whale nursery on Earth.
22 00:02:35 通过一条狭窄的沙质海峡与太平洋相连Connected to the Pacific by a narrow sandy channel
23 00:02:38 它有自己的生态系统it is an ecosystem unto itself.
24 00:02:43 洋流给这片水域带来了食物和来自深海的生物Ocean currents infuse these waters with food and visitors from the deep.
25 00:02:48 每个季节都各不相同Each with in it's own season.
26 00:02:57 大批迁移的乌贼成为幼年白鲨的盘中餐Swarms of migrating squid feasted on by juvenile great whites.
27 00:03:04 全世界4/7的海龟都在这里觅食Four of the worlds seven marine turtles feed here.
28 00:03:12 晚秋原始的红树林里栖息着在此筑巢的鸟Pristine mangroves host nesting birds in late fall.
29 00:03:28 潮汐周期对生态系统的正常运转至关重要The tidal cycle is critical to the health of this ecosystem.
30 00:03:32 甚至对最小的无脊椎动物也是如此Down to the smallest invertebrate.
31 00:03:36 退潮将泻湖冲洗干净Retreating waters flush the lagoon clean.
32 00:03:39 把腐烂的东西带回海洋循环利用Decaying matter is carried off into the ocean for recycling.
33 00:03:50 涨潮带来营养物质和富氧水The incoming tide brings nutrients and oxygen rich water.
34 00:04:07 红树林一年四季常青The evergreen mangroves are hard at work 24 hours a day.
35 00:04:19 盘根错节的树根扎在了沙地上An endless labyrinth of loops anchored in the sand
36 00:04:23 增加了盐沼对飓风和风暴潮的抵御能力buffers the salt marsh against hurricanes and storm surge.
37 00:04:28 盐沼下Down here
38 00:04:29 数以百计的物种都找到了庇护所hundreds of species find shelter.
39 00:04:32 螃蟹 鱼卵和幼龟在这里繁衍生息Crabs
40 00:04:40 至少70%的热带鱼At least 70% of the worlds tropical fish
41 00:04:43 都需要这样的红树林完成生命循环need mangroves like these for part of their life cycle.
42 00:04:56 泻湖的丰富的资源也吸引了大量鸟类The lagoons bounty also draws airborne visitors.
43 00:05:04 鱼鹰Osprey.
44 00:05:16 这些猛禽几乎可以在任何地方筑巢These powerful raptors will build a nest on nearly anything
45 00:05:19 以保护它们的幼崽to keep their young up and away from predators.
46 00:05:24 旧房子的屋顶是个不错的选择The roof of an old outhouse works just fine.
47 00:05:30 成年鱼鹰轮流捕猎Adults hunt in shifts.
48 00:05:32 抓到一只小鸡会高兴啼叫Wandering crows would be glad to snatch a chick.
49 00:05:39 一个月大的鱼鹰还不会飞At just a month old
50 00:05:42 但它们知道如何让巢穴保持干净but they know how to keep their room clean.
51 00:05:58 在20年的生命里With a life span of 20 years
52 00:06:01 鱼鹰的捕猎范围能达到15万英里Osprey can cover more than 150
53 00:06:12 谁也不知道鲸鱼在什么时候通过什么方法发现了这个避难所No one knows how or when whales found this desert sanctuary
54 00:06:17 但这里非常适合产崽but it has everything a mother could want.
55 00:06:24 底部淤泥里食物很多A muddy bottom rich with food.
56 00:06:31 而且盐水有助新生儿漂浮Extra salty water helps newborns float
57 00:06:40 虎鲸在外海伏击灰鲸的幼崽and while killer whales ambush calves in the open ocean
58 00:06:44 但它们不敢进入一千头成年灰鲸的地盘they wouldn't dare enter a shallow lagoon teeming with 1
59 00:06:52 雌灰鲸与它的幼崽在泻湖里游来游去Mothers swim their calves back and forth across the lagoon
60 00:06:55 锻炼它们的力量和耐力 以便应对长距离迁徙building up their strength and endurance for the long swim home.
61 00:07:08 捕鲸者在19世纪50年代发现了巴哈半岛的温床泻湖Whalers discovered Baja's nursery lagoon in the 1850s.
62 00:07:15 他们捕获了小鲸Harpoon a calf
63 00:07:17 你很快就会知道50英尺长 40吨重的母鲸会对小艇做什么and you quickly learn what a 50 foot 40 ton mother can do to a skiff.
64 00:07:23 据说这片水域四分之一的捕鲸者It's said that one in four whalers who worked these waters
65 00:07:26 被杀或致残was maimed our killed.
66 00:07:34 生还者将这些拼命保护孩子的母鲸称为魔鬼鱼The survivors had another name for these ferociously protective moms.Devil fish.
67 00:07:41 然而他们猎杀灰鲸已有近100年的历史Still
68 00:07:47 灰鲸现在受到保护The grey whale is now protected
69 00:07:49 他们找到了我们and they seek us out.
70 00:07:55 接下来你将见证大自然最伟大和神秘的时刻之一You are about to witness one of natures great and grand mysteries.
71 00:08:00 这种情景始于20世纪70年代A phenomenon that began in the 1970s.
72 00:08:06 仅出现在巴哈半岛的育鲸泻湖It only happens in Baja's nursery lagoons.
73 00:08:27 母鲸带着幼崽接近捕鱼船Mother whales approach fishing pangas with their calves.
74 00:08:31 有的甚至把幼崽抬了起来Some even lift their newborns up.
75 00:08:34 与那些差点灭绝它们的捕鲸者对视Eye to eye with the species that drove these whales to the brink of extinction.
76 00:08:47 有时对视一会儿 有时长达一个小时Some interactions last a moment. Others an hour.
77 00:08:52 若灰鲸离开这片保护泻湖When they leave the protection of the lagoons
78 00:08:54 便不再这样the behavior stops.
79 00:09:08 上世纪40年代大西洋的灰鲸被捕杀殆尽The Atlantic's grey whales were hunted to extinction. In the 1940s
80 00:09:13 只剩下几百头灰鲸存活于太平洋there were just a few hundred pacific greys left.
81 00:09:16 时至今日已到达两万余头Today
82 00:09:27 到5月灰鲸将离开这里向北游回北极By May
83 00:09:45 若这只幼崽能在广袤的太平洋活下来If this calf survives the wild pacific
84 00:09:48 八年后就可以当母亲了she'll be ready for motherhood in about eight years.
85 00:10:36 有些迁徙仍然是个谜Some migrations remain a mystery.
86 00:10:46 人们对罕见又神出鬼没的黑海刺水母知之甚少Very little is known about the rare and illusive black sea nettle.
87 00:10:51 1997年科学杂志首次对它进行描述和命名It wasn't described and named by science until 1997.
88 00:10:56 这些水母在南加州和巴哈半岛之间的太平洋水域游荡These jellyfish wander the Pacific between Southern California and Baja
89 00:11:01 它们吃浮游植物和小水母eating phytoplankton and smaller jellies.
90 00:11:06 成年后Fully grown
91 00:11:07 黑海刺水母的扇状体有三英尺宽a black sea nettle's bell can be three feet
92 00:11:10 刺状触须有25英尺长across with stinging tentacles 25 feet long.
93 00:11:14 每隔十年About every 10 years
94 00:11:15 它们成群结队地出现they appear in swarms of hundreds
95 00:11:18 然后消失在海洋深处then vanish into the deep.
96 00:11:28 太平洋为神秘的食肉动物提供了良好的生存条件The Pacific ocean seems custom made for secretive carnivores.
97 00:11:39 每年十月Every October
98 00:11:41 大白鲨在墨西哥海岸的瓜达卢普岛水域聚集great white sharks begin gathering at Guadalupe Island
99 00:11:56 雄性大白鲨先到达The males arrive first.
100 00:12:02 它们身长12到16英尺 体重2000磅At 12 to 16 feet and 2
101 00:12:05 它们令人生畏they are intimidating
102 00:12:07 但是跟雌鲨相比就是矮子了but they are dwarfed by the ladies.
103 00:12:18 雌鲨一个月后到达Females arrive a month later
104 00:12:21 她们非常巨大and they can be giants
105 00:12:23 足足有20英尺长 7000磅重up to 20 feet long and 7
106 00:12:39 但是没有人知道它们在这里做什么Just what they are doing here
107 00:12:42 雄雌大白鲨聚集一般是为了交配A congregation of the sexes suggest mating
108 00:12:46 但是怀孕的雌鲨也会来but pregnant females are here too.
109 00:12:48 也许是为了伏击迁徙的象海豹Perhaps to ambush migrating elephant seals.
110 00:12:54 我们有五种感官We have five senses.
111 00:12:57 4.5亿年的进化使这些顶端食肉动物拥有7种感官450 million years of evolution have equipped these apex predators with seven.
112 00:13:03 但这些也无法抵御人类的捕捞But they are useless against nets
113 00:13:10 以前我们认为雌性要到15岁才能繁殖We once thought females couldn't reproduce until they were 15 years old.
114 00:13:16 我们错了 其实要到30岁We were wrong. Make that 30 years.
115 00:13:22 人们开始摒弃捕杀鲨鱼的愚蠢想法The silly notion of marauding sharks has begun to fade.
116 00:13:26 所以还有很多种鲨鱼活下来So have many species of shark.
117 00:13:33 我们每年随随便便就杀掉1亿条鲨鱼We kill 100 million every year for sport
118 00:13:36 用于制造毫无用处的药品baseless folk medicine
119 00:13:38 和化妆品even cosmetics.
120 00:13:48 瓜达卢普岛的聚会结束后When the festivities at Guadalupe Island wind down
121 00:13:51 这条鲨鱼向东游去寻找海狮this shark heads east in search of sea lions.
122 00:13:55 他知道在哪里能找到它们He knows exactly where to find them.
123 00:14:05 高耸的火山峭壁是科尔特斯海入口的标志Towering volcanic cliffs mark the gateway to the Sea of Cortez.
124 00:14:10 墨西哥大陆和巴哈半岛之间A 700 mile long slice of blue water
125 00:14:13 有一片700英里长的蓝色水域between mainland Mexico and the Baja peninsula.
126 00:14:26 这块岩石构成的手指状陆地This rocky finger of land
127 00:14:28 在700万年前从这块大陆分离出来broke away from the continent about seven million years ago
128 00:14:31 开始向西滑动and began sliding westward.
129 00:14:35 太平洋的海水流到它们中间Pacific waters fill the void.
130 00:14:48 科尔特斯海是物种最丰富的海洋The Sea of Cortez is the most diverse sea on the planet.
131 00:14:52 这里生活着5000多种鱼类和无脊椎动物Home to more than 5
132 00:15:02 涌动的潮汐Ever flowing tides
133 00:15:04 南风southerly winds
134 00:15:06 和不断上升的温暖海水产生了强大的深海洋流and rising sun warmed water create strong deep currents.
135 00:15:10 为这独特的生态系统提供源源不断的动力A ceaseless engine powering this unique ecosystem.
136 00:15:29 洋流把营养物质从寒冷的水底翻出来The current pulls nutrients from the cold depths
137 00:15:32 喂养扇状珊瑚和浮游生物 它们是鱼类最好的食物feeding fan corals and plankton. The best fish food there is.
138 00:15:52 成百上千只饥饿的蝠鲼聚集在一起Hungry mobulas gather by the hundreds
139 00:15:55 游过洋流gliding through the water column.
140 00:16:04 它们远古时期是鲨鱼的近亲This ancient cousin to the shark
141 00:16:06 身躯总长不到3英尺is less than three feet from tip to tip.
142 00:16:13 不像已经被卫星跟踪了几十年的大白鲨Unlike great whites
143 00:16:17 我们对蝠鲼的迁移习性知之甚少very little is know about mobula migration patterns
144 00:16:20 我们不知道它们在哪里交配和繁衍where they mate
145 00:16:22 只知道它们一次只生一个幼崽But they have only one pup at a time.
146 00:16:27 它们一起把浮游生物铲起来作为食物Scooping up plankton en masse is an effective feeding strategy.
147 00:16:32 这样也很危险It's also dangerous to their very survival.
148 00:16:35 一艘商业渔船在数小时内可以大量捕捞A single commercial fishing boat could decimate this shoal in hours.
149 00:16:39 把它们的鳃耙和鰭切割下来销往遥远的市场Harvesting their gill plates and fins for distant markets.
150 00:16:48 蝠鲼现在也是濒危物种The mobula has reached near threatened status.
151 00:17:01 吃浮游生物的物种形状大小各不相同Plankton eaters come in all shapes and sizes.
152 00:17:06 但是没有一个比这些更重要But none as more important than these.
153 00:17:10 同样的Pound for pound
154 00:17:11 它们可能是世界上最有营养的鱼they are probably the most nutritious fish in the world.
155 00:17:15 沙丁鱼 凤尾鱼和鲱鱼Sardine
156 00:17:18 它们是超棒的海产The super food of the oceans.
157 00:17:23 无数水上和水下的食肉动物以它们为食They feed countless carnivores
158 00:17:29 大量鱼群在东太平洋到科尔特斯海穿梭Great schools course through the Eastern Pacific and Sea of Cortez
159 00:17:33 一路迁移 生长 产卵migrating
160 00:17:38 沙丁鱼短暂的一生只有一个使命The sardine has one brief mission in life.
161 00:17:41 在被吃掉之前繁殖Reproduce before something or someone eats it.
162 00:17:46 1917年美国参战时When the United States went to war in 1917
163 00:17:50 带走了大量的沙丁鱼罐头so did the sardine.
164 00:17:53 这种罐头便于运输 是成千上万名士兵的完美食物It was the perfect food to can
165 00:18:00 沙丁鱼作用广泛The sardine supply and it's uses seemed endless.
166 00:18:04 可以当动物饲料Animal food
167 00:18:05 可以当涂料和炸药的成分ingredients for paint and explosives
168 00:18:08 甚至做成肥皂even soap.
169 00:18:11 几十年没有捕鱼规范Decades without fishing regulations
170 00:18:14 和无节制的捕捞付出了代价or self restraint took it's toll.
171 00:18:18 到第二次世界大战结束时By the end of World War 2
172 00:18:19 沙丁鱼不见了the sardines were gone.
173 00:18:22 东太平洋沙丁鱼渔业全面崩溃A total collapse of the sardine fishery in the Eastern Pacific.
174 00:18:29 一直都没有完全恢复It has never fully recovered.
175 00:18:35 一条沙丁鱼很容易被吃掉A single sardine is helpless
176 00:18:37 大量群居才能安全一点but they create safety in numbers.
177 00:18:42 隐藏在银光闪闪的鱼群里Disappearing into a flashing ribbon of silver
178 00:18:45 是避免被挑出来吃掉的好方法is an excellent way to avoid being singled out and eaten.
179 00:18:50 但这不能迷惑所有人But not everyone is dazzled by the show.
180 00:18:53 总是有一两个捕食者There's always a predator or two
181 00:18:55 能打破你们的防御that can crack your defenses.
182 00:19:08 条纹马林鱼发现一群藏在深海的沙丁鱼Striped marlin find a school of sardine hiding in the deep
183 00:19:11 就把它们往上赶and drive it upward.
184 00:19:17 海狮发现了 也加入了捕猎Sea lions spot the action and join the hunt.
185 00:19:30 沙丁鱼被最快的鳍足动物包围The sardine are surrounded by the fastest pinniped
186 00:19:34 它是世界速度第二的长嘴鱼and second fastest bill fish on Earth.
187 00:19:40 沙丁鱼无处可逃There's nowhere to run
188 00:19:42 无法隐藏or hide.
189 00:19:46 马林鱼身长10英尺 体重400磅At 10 feet and 400 pounds
190 00:19:49 时速达到每小时50英里the striped marlin can hit 50 miles per hour.
191 00:19:58 沙丁鱼最后的希望是变成球状诱饵The sardines last hope is to create a big ball
192 00:20:01 让攻击者筋疲力尽tire out their attackers
193 00:20:03 然后消失在岩石中and disappear into the rocks.
194 00:20:09 掠食者仔细计算它们俯冲的时间The predators carefully time their plunges.
195 00:20:12 被刺或被撞都可能是致命的Being skewered or rammed could be fatal.
196 00:20:27 水中的鱼血就像迷人的歌声Fish blood in the water is like a siren song
197 00:20:30 吸引着远处饥饿的捕食者calling the hungry from miles away.
198 00:20:45 海狮是大白鲨最喜欢的食物之一Sea lions are among the great whites favorite foods
199 00:20:49 它们知道这点and they know it.
200 00:20:52 这条鲨鱼似乎只是路过This one seems to be just passing through.
201 00:20:56 但是Still
202 00:20:57 一只勇敢的海狮紧盯着它one brave soul keeps on eye on the interloper
203 00:21:00 而其它海狮迅速游向安全地带while the others dash back to safety.
204 00:21:12 这些捕食者冒险到离海岸线300英里的地方捕食These hunters will venture nearly 300 miles off shore in search of food.
205 00:21:18 但这里是它们的地盘But this is their realm.
206 00:21:24 浅浅的岛礁水域Shallow rocky waters.
207 00:21:29 很少有动物能像加利福尼亚海狮那样Few creatures navigate crashing waves and ripping currents
208 00:21:33 驾驭汹涌的海浪和洋流like the California sea lion.
209 00:21:39 它们确实是海岸线之王They are indeed the king of the coastline.
210 00:22:04 它们可以每小时冲刺25英里They can sprint to 25 miles per hour
211 00:22:07 躲避捕食者或捕捉猎物avoiding predators or catching prey.
212 00:22:12 与近亲海豹不同Unlike their cousin
213 00:22:14 这种哺乳动物有耳瓣the seal
214 00:22:16 长长的前鰭可以在陆地上行走 它们是高度群居动物long front fins to walk on land
215 00:22:31 一个种群可以有一千五百只A colony can be 1
216 00:22:40 毫无疑问 这里有个统治者But there's no doubt who's in charge around here.
217 00:22:45 它长达7英尺 八百多磅At seven feet and more than 800 pounds
218 00:22:48 这头强壮的雄海狮的后宫里有大约20只雌海狮this bull has 20 or so females in his harem.
219 00:22:54 在鳍足动物中没有懒惰的国王There aren't any lazy kings among pinnipeds
220 00:22:57 谁都不能从父亲那里继承任何东西and no one inherits anything from dad.
221 00:23:02 在繁殖季 凯觎王位者必须高大强壮A pretender to the throne must be as big and fat as possible for the breeding season.
222 00:23:12 如果他能打败并赶走现在的冠军If he can beat up and drive off the current champion
223 00:23:15 雄性头领的任务才刚刚开始the bulls job has just begun.
224 00:23:21 他需要禁食He fasts
225 00:23:22 靠储存的油脂为生 同时保护自己的领地不被竞争对手攻击living off stored blubber while defending his patch of rock from rivals
226 00:23:26 并试着吸引更多的雌海狮and trying to attract more females.
227 00:23:31 为防止捕食者和闹事者偷猎 无休止的巡逻最终会造成严重后果Endless patrolling for predators and troublemakers eventually takes it's toll.
228 00:23:38 大多数雄性头领 几周就会被竞争对手淘汰出局Most bulls last just a few weeks before a rival sends him packing.
229 00:23:49 雌海狮可以达到6英尺220磅Females can reach six feet and 220 pounds
230 00:23:52 和大多数父母一样and like most parents
231 00:23:54 它们不知疲倦there's no rest for the weary.
232 00:23:59 有经验的海狮妈妈们会倒过来换气Experienced moms flip upside down to take a breath.
233 00:24:02 它们的眼睛从不离开自己的孩子Their eyes never leaving the little ones.
234 00:24:10 幼崽就像小狗Juveniles are like puppies
235 00:24:12 充满活力又爱搞怪full of energy and mischief.
236 00:24:17 喜欢研究任何有趣的东西Anything interesting needs investigation
237 00:24:20 把这些东西变成咀嚼玩具体或者玩够了丟掉becomes a chew toy or a game of keep away.
238 00:24:33 追捕珊瑚鱼纯粹是为了好玩Antagonizing a damsel fish is just good clean fun.
239 00:24:54 但别搞错了But make no mistake
240 00:24:55 海狮不想让你废话的时候会告诉你a sea lion will let you know when she's had enough of your nonsense.
241 00:25:11 加利福尼亚海狮身姿优雅 还会各种高难度动作For all it's acrobatic grace
242 00:25:14 是深海潜水的冠军is a champion among deep divers
243 00:25:17 它们为此而生and built for it.
244 00:25:23 它们的肺会收缩They can collapse their lungs
245 00:25:24 让它们的心跳从每分钟90次放慢and slow their hearts from 90 beats per minute
246 00:25:27 到20次to just 20.
247 00:25:29 血液从不需要太多氧气的组织中分流出去Blood is shunted away from tissue that doesn't need much oxygen
248 00:25:32 这样特别的肌肉就能吸收多余的氧气so that specialized muscles can grab the extra O2.
249 00:25:37 这样海狮每十五分钟才需要呼吸一次All of this allows a sea lion to hold it's breath for 15 minutes
250 00:25:41 可以安全潜入900英尺深的海底寻找乌贼and safely dive to 900 feet in search of squid.
251 00:26:01 三十多个岛屿散布在科尔特斯海周围Three dozen islands are scattered about the Sea of Cortez.
252 00:26:08 大多数岛屿是由剧烈的火山活动形成的Most were created by explosive volcanic activity.
253 00:26:13 有些是很小的光秃秃的岩石Some are tiny barren bits of rock.
254 00:26:16 有些很大 有自己的生态系统Others are large enough to have their ecosystem
255 00:26:20 这里生长着世界上最大的仙人掌and grow the greatest cacti on Earth.
256 00:26:23 巨型卡登仙人掌The mighty Cardon.
257 00:26:26 这些生长缓慢的肉质植物能贮藏水分These slow growing succulents
258 00:26:30 可以活几百年can live for hundreds of years.
259 00:26:34 巨大的仙人掌高达60英尺A giant can reach 60 feet high
260 00:26:37 直径9英尺nine feet in diameter
261 00:26:38 重25吨and weigh 25 tons.
262 00:26:45 卡登能抵抗太平洋上最猛烈的飓风The cardon shrug off the worst hurricanes the Pacific can gin up.
263 00:26:52 它们在这烤箱般的沙漠晒了几个月 一滴雨都没下They go months on end in this desert oven without a drop of rain.
264 00:26:57 但说到繁殖But when it comes to reproduction
265 00:26:59 这种仙人掌就遇到问题了this cactus has a problem
266 00:27:01 如何授粉pollination.
267 00:27:04 顶部附近的结节是花Those nodules near the top are blossoms
268 00:27:07 但它们是密封的but they are sealed tight.
269 00:27:09 在炎热的天气开放可不是好主意Opening them in the heat of the day is a bad idea.
270 00:27:12 花会枯萎Flowers get cooked
271 00:27:14 仙人掌会失去珍贵的水分and the cactus loses precious water.
272 00:27:19 大自然总有办法Mother nature has a solution.
273 00:27:22 在地下的某个地方有一群神秘的传粉者A secret army of pollinators. Somewhere down there.
274 00:27:26 没有它Without it
275 00:27:27 强大的卡登也不可能统治这里the reign of the mighty cardon would come to an end.
276 00:27:45 当夜幕降临 花儿开了When night falls
277 00:27:47 发出刺鼻的气味emitting a pungent odor.
278 00:27:59 饥饿的苍白洞蝠从它们的洞穴和缝隙里钻出来Hungry pallid bats emerge from their caves and crevices
279 00:28:03 寻味而来and follow their nose.
280 00:28:07 其他蝙蝠进化出长舌头Other bats have evolved long tongues
281 00:28:10 方便吸取花蜜to efficiently extract the flowers nectar.
282 00:28:13 苍白洞蝠却没有Not the pallid bat
283 00:28:14 但它是卡登最好的朋友but it's the cardon's best friend.
284 00:28:20 它们努力去吸每一滴甜液Working hard for every drop of sugary liquid
285 00:28:23 身上布满花粉they are coated with a layer of pollen.
286 00:28:28 像一只毛茸茸的大黄蜂在花丛间飞来飞Flitting from blossom to blossom like a furry bumblebee
287 00:28:31 给卡登仙人掌授粉they pollinate the cacti.
288 00:28:33 蝙蝠喝完这有能量的液体The bats get an energy drink
289 00:28:35 卡登就开始繁殖and the cardon get to reproduce.
290 00:28:44 苍白洞蝠有老鼠那么大Pallid bats are the size of a mouse
291 00:28:47 翼幅像乌鸦with the wing span of a crow.
292 00:28:59 它们也善于攀登 爬行和捕猎They're also well equipped to climb
293 00:29:13 和其他蝙蝠一样 它们利用回声定位Like other bats
294 00:29:16 从栖息地飞到猎场from roosting site to hunting grounds.
295 00:29:18 然后它们就不动了Then they fall silent.
296 00:29:23 超大的耳朵很精巧Extra large ears are exquisitely designed
297 00:29:26 能精确定位发出微小噪音的位置和距离to pin point the location and distance of the slightest noise.
298 00:29:31 迟早Sooner or later
299 00:29:32 猎物都会暴露自己the prey reveals itself.
300 00:29:41 在肉搏战中In hand to hand combat
301 00:29:43 蝎子总是输the scorpion always loses.
302 00:29:52 一些蝎子的蛰伤能轻易杀死同样大小的哺乳动物Some scorpion stings could easily kill a mammal this small
303 00:29:56 但这些埋伏的捕食者似乎对毒液有免疫but these ambush predators seem immune to the venom.
304 00:30:08 苍白洞蝠一晚上能吃掉相当于自身一半体重的猎物A pallid bat can eat half it's body weight in a night.
305 00:30:33 随着夜晚的结束As the night shift winds down
306 00:30:35 一群新的捕猎者来了a whole new set of hunters reports for duty.
307 00:30:44 它们是海豚Common dolphin.
308 00:30:48 它们更喜欢容易捕鱼的岸边的浅水区They prefer shallow coastal water where fish are more easily trapped.
309 00:31:03 小海豚成群结队Small pods join together
310 00:31:05 有时有上百只sometimes by the hundreds.
311 00:31:09 海豚也是进化的杰作Dolphin are among evolution's great masterpieces.
312 00:31:13 它们的智力仅次于我们Perhaps second only to us in intelligence.
313 00:31:20 大约5500万年前About 55 million years ago
314 00:31:23 它的祖先是陆地上一种类似狼的生物it's ancestor was a wolf like creature land
315 00:31:26 它们开始在沼泽和河流中觅食that began foraging in swamps and rivers.
316 00:31:31 后来Eventually
317 00:31:32 鼻孔移到了头顶nostrils moved to the top of it's head.
318 00:31:35 手指一样的爪子进化成鳍Finger like paw bones fused into fins.
319 00:31:39 长期在水里生活使身体呈流线型并收缩Aquatic life streamlined and shrank it's body
320 00:31:43 但它的大脑却在飞速发展but it's brain grew by leaps and bounds.
321 00:31:49 我们所知道的海豚是在大约1000万年前出现的The dolphin
322 00:31:56 新的研究表明它们的回声定位New studies suggest that their echolocation
323 00:31:59 比我们想象的要复杂得多is far more complex then we ever imagined.
324 00:32:04 海豚往水中发出一串集中的滴答声The dolphins sends a focused train of clicks out into the water
325 00:32:07 就像手电筒的光束like a flashlight beam.
326 00:32:10 声音以被撞击物体的形状反弹回来The sound bounces back in the shape of the object struck.
327 00:32:14 在海豚的大脑中快速形成一系列立体图像Creating a rapid series of 3D images in the dolphin's brain.
328 00:32:19 即使在漆黑的水中Even in pitch black water
329 00:32:21 它们也能看到周围的世界they see the world around them.
330 00:32:23 就好像用它们的耳朵It's as though they're watching a 3D movie
331 00:32:26 在看3D电影with their ears.
332 00:33:03 有些掠食者更喜欢单独行动Some predators prefer to go it alone.
333 00:33:09 鸬鹚这样捕猎已经有1700万年的历史了Cormorants have been hunting like this for 17 million years.
334 00:33:14 当恐龙在陆地上行走时 它的祖先就在海洋中穿梭It's ancestors plied the seas when dinosaurs walked the land.
335 00:33:23 它们骨骼稠密 羽毛遇水粘合Along with dense bones and wetable feathers
336 00:33:26 你可能认为它们有适合水下捕猎的特殊眼睛you might think evolution gave it special eyes for hunting under water.
337 00:33:30 其实不是Not so.
338 00:33:32 在水下Down here
339 00:33:33 它们看得不比你清楚they see no better than you do.
340 00:33:36 它们的技术很棒What they have is great technique.
341 00:33:44 能屏住呼吸3分钟或更长时间Holding their breathe for three minutes or more
342 00:33:47 鸬鹚能潜到150英尺深cormorants can dive 150 feet down.
343 00:33:51 它们沿着底部或岩石缝隙猛冲They dash along the bottom or rocky crevices
344 00:33:54 把鱼赶出来 然后抓住它flush out a fish
345 00:33:59 这些鸟为吃饱饭而努力工作These birds work hard for every meal.
346 00:34:03 其它鸟就像住在顶层公寓并享受客房服务Others live in a penthouse and get room service.
347 00:34:15 褐色的鹈鹕幼鸟Brown pelican chicks.
348 00:34:18 就目前而言 它们的羽毛与鸟粪覆盖的岩石完全一样For now
349 00:34:27 上午晚些时候It's late morning
350 00:34:28 你就能听到它们的肚子在咕噜咕噜叫and you can almost hear their bellies growling.
351 00:34:33 每只能吃掉100多磅鱼Each will consume more than 100 pounds of fish
352 00:34:36 在独立飞行和狩猎之前before they can fly and hunt on their own.
353 00:34:39 需要两个月时间That's two months from now.
354 00:34:41 在那之前 爸爸妈妈都在工作Until then
355 00:34:53 鹈鹕可能看起来很滑稽The pelican may be funny looking to us
356 00:34:56 但它是一种可怕的捕食者but it's a formidable predator.
357 00:35:04 羽翼不足7英尺With a wing span just shy of seven feet
358 00:35:07 它们在水面上滑翔得很低they glide low over the water.
359 00:35:09 这是一种用较小的力量 获得较快速度的气体力学技巧A tick of aerodynamics that rewards less work with more speed.
360 00:35:24 你看到的是真正的活化石You're looking at a true living fossil.
361 00:35:27 它们在过去的3000万年里 几乎没有变化Almost unchanged for the past 30 million years.
362 00:35:36 鹈鹕的进化就已经完Evolution gave the pelican it's stamp of approval
363 00:35:39 当我们的祖先还是毛茸茸的小猴子when our ancestors were fluffy little monkeys.
364 00:35:48 这就是鹈鹕要找的This is what the pelicans are looking for
365 00:35:50 沙丁鱼sardine.
366 00:36:01 在这里溅起的水花就是晚餐的铃声Out here
367 00:36:04 大家都会跑过来everyone comes running.
368 00:36:29 棕色衲榈从100英尺的高空俯冲而下Brown pelicans plunge from as high as 100 feet in the air.
369 00:36:38 入水前Just before hitting the water
370 00:36:39 它们旋转身体their body rotates
371 00:36:41 保护脖子 咽喉和动脉不受直接撞击protecting their neck
372 00:36:47 皮肤下的气囊像一层气泡膜一样吸收空气Air sacs under the skin absorb the blow like a layer of bubble wrap.
373 00:36:53 冲击波把水下六英尺深的鱼击晕The shock wave stuns fish six feet deep.
374 00:37:01 它们的嘴像气球一样膨胀Their bill expands like a balloon
375 00:37:03 舀起3加仑水和几条沙丁鱼scooping up three gallons of water and sardine.
376 00:37:12 今天它们都会吃饱Everyone will eat their fill today.
377 00:37:44 在我们眼中To our eye
378 00:37:45 海洋看起来像一个外星世界the ocean may look like an alien world.
379 00:37:49 居民们四处寻找食物It's citizens roaming about searching for a meal.
380 00:37:53 有藏身之处A place to hide.
381 00:37:56 还有高速公路But there are highways
382 00:37:58 休息站rest stops
383 00:37:59 地标建筑land marks
384 00:38:01 和小城镇and small towns.
385 00:38:09 大城市是海底山脉The big cities are sea mounts.
386 00:38:11 没有露出海面的远古火山Ancient volcanoes that don't quit reach the surface.
387 00:38:16 太平洋的火山比其他海洋都多The Pacific has far more than any other ocean.
388 00:38:20 有些是几百英尺高的岩石喷口Some are spits of rock a few hundred feet tall.
389 00:38:24 其它的则是巨大的山脉Others are vast mountain ranges so massive
390 00:38:28 它们的引力将周围的海洋聚拢起来that their gravitational pull gathers the ocean up around them
391 00:38:31 形成卫星可以探测出来的表面隆起causing a bulge on the surface that can be measured by satellites.
392 00:38:41 海底山脉又多又大Sea mounts are so numerous and so large
393 00:38:44 它们是地球上最大的栖息地they comprise the single largest habitat on Earth.
394 00:38:49 聚集了比沙漠Hot spots of life greater than deserts
395 00:38:52 冻土地带 热带森林更多的生命tundra
396 00:38:55 它们的面积比南美洲还大They cover an area larger than South America.
397 00:39:04 洋流穿过海底Currents flowing across the sea floor
398 00:39:07 击打岩石strike the rock
399 00:39:08 把它们推到水面and are pushed up to the surface.
400 00:39:12 营养丰富的水喂养浮游生物Nutrient rich water feeds the plankton
401 00:39:15 浮游生物又是大型生物的食物and plankton feed giants.
402 00:39:35 成年的Fully grown
403 00:39:36 巨型蝠鲼身长23英尺 体重3000磅giant mantas can be 23 feet across and weight 3
404 00:39:45 它们已经在海洋中翱翔了2000万年They have been soaring through the oceans for some 20 million years.
405 00:39:51 科学刚刚开始揭开它们古老的秘密Science has just begun to unravel their ancient secrets.
406 00:39:59 这些巨型蝠鲼的大脑是所有鱼类中最大的These mantas have the largest brain of any fish.
407 00:40:03 比鲸鲨大十倍Bigger than a whale shark ten times their size.
408 00:40:07 巨型蝠鲼像海豚一样A manta
409 00:40:09 能在镜子里认出自己can recognize itself in a mirror.
410 00:40:16 它们是群居动物 共同捕食As social animals
411 00:40:23 我们曾经认为可以利用它们身上不变的特征We once thought individuals could be identified
412 00:40:26 识别每个巨型蝠鲼并进行计数and counted by their permanent markings.
413 00:40:29 新的研究表明New research indicates
414 00:40:30 巨型蝠鲼可以改变自己的颜色和图案that mantas can indeed change their colors and patterns.
415 00:40:34 我们很可能把同一只巨型蝠鲼We may well be counting the same mantas
416 00:40:38 数了一次又一次again and again.
417 00:40:39 大大高估了它们的数量Greatly over estimating their numbers.
418 00:40:50 像所有蝠鲼一样Like all rays
419 00:40:51 随着鳃耙的需求激增the demand for their gill plates has exploded.
420 00:40:54 猎蝠业也快速发展So has the manta hunting business.
421 00:41:00 雌性每2-7年才产一只幼崽Females have but one pup every two to seven years.
422 00:41:05 巨型蝠鲼正快速走向灭绝The giant manta is on a fast track to extinction.
423 00:41:27 厄瓜多尔海岸的加拉帕戈斯群岛The Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador.
424 00:41:30 是八百万年前An 8 million year old experiment
425 00:41:32 太平洋地壳运动的成果cooked up by plate tectonics and the Pacific ocean.
426 00:41:45 陆地鬣蜥在岛屿形成的时候被冲到了这里Land iguanas washed up here about the time the islands were formed.
427 00:41:50 一些走入内陆 一些在海岸边生活Some went inland
428 00:41:58 它们体重28磅4英尺长Measuring in at 28 pounds and four feet long
429 00:42:02 雄性的体型是雌性的三倍males are three times the size of females.
430 00:42:07 这就是它们的独特之处But this is what makes them unique.
431 00:42:13 加拉帕戈斯海鬣蜥是世界上唯一的海生蜥蜴The Galapagos Marine iguana is the worlds only sea going lizard.
432 00:42:21 这些敏捷的游泳者可以屏住呼吸一个小时These agile swimmers can hold their breathe for up to an hour.
433 00:42:27 它们可能看上去像最危险的素食者They're probably the most dangerous looking vegetarians you'll ever meet.
434 00:42:34 在海浪和洋流冲击下Buffeted by waves and currents
435 00:42:36 鬣蜥用它有力的爪子抓住岩石the iguana grips the rock with it's powerful claws
436 00:42:39 然后大口吃海藻and fills up on algae.
437 00:42:47 加拉帕戈斯群岛正好坐落在赤道上The Galapagos sits smack on the equator
438 00:42:49 但这里不是热带海滩but this is no tropical beach.
439 00:42:53 来自南极洲的强大气流席卷了南美洲海岸A powerful current from Antarctica sweeps up the coast of South America
440 00:42:57 并在海岛上肆虐and courses through the islands.
441 00:43:01 这些水富含营养These waters are full of nutrients
442 00:43:03 但是特别冰冷and thoroughly chilled.
443 00:43:06 在这里游10分钟 就能让爬行动物的体温下降三分之一A 10 minute swim can steal one third of a reptiles body heat
444 00:43:10 所以它们一天只吃一顿so they only feed once a day.
445 00:43:15 剩下的时间都用来恢复体温The rest of their time is spent warming back up
446 00:43:18 保持体能conserving energy.
447 00:43:29 特殊的鼻腺可以清除血液中多余的盐分Special nose glands clean excess salt from their blood.
448 00:43:36 最大的雄性后宫中有大量雌性The biggest males gather harems of females
449 00:43:39 这意味着要将挑战者拒之门外and that means keeping challengers at bay.
450 00:43:50 摇头是一个古老的警告A bobbing head is the age old warning.
451 00:43:53 别逼我过去Don't make me come over there.
452 00:43:56 但当你的警告发出后But when your bluff is called
453 00:44:00 战斗就要开始了you go to battle.
454 00:44:37 败者只能灰溜溜的溜走The only thing hurt is the losers pride.
455 00:44:51 如果鬣蜥是这里的老家伙If iguanas are the old timers around here
456 00:44:54 那么来认识一下新来的朋友meet the new kid on the block.
457 00:44:57 巨大的加拉帕戈斯象龟The giant Galapagos tortoise.
458 00:45:07 它们在200万年前才与阿根廷龟分道扬镳They split with the Argentine tortoise just 2 million years ago.
459 00:45:12 就像鬣蜥一样被冲到这里来繁殖Like the iguana
460 00:45:16 进化发挥了它的魔力and evolution worked it's magic.
461 00:45:22 这是一种叫做岛屿巨人症的现象It's a phenomenon called island gigantism.
462 00:45:25 没有天敌 没有竞争者No predators
463 00:45:27 不停吃东西 让这个小家伙很快变成了大怪物and unlimited food can quickly turn a little guy into a monster
464 00:45:32 只吃植物 每天睡16个小时one that eats salad and naps 16 hours a day.
465 00:45:38 成年后Fully grown
466 00:45:39 它们可以达到5英尺宽 500多磅重they can reach five feet across and more than 500 pounds.
467 00:45:45 这种食草动物可以在没有食物和水的情况下生存一年This herbivore can survive without food or water for up to a year.
468 00:45:50 这个惊人的壮举差点毁了它们A spectacular feat of adaptation that nearly destroyed them.
469 00:46:00 捕鲸者和海盗发现抓捕乌龟When whalers and pirates realized the tortoise
470 00:46:02 可以连续吃几个月鲜肉could provide fresh meat for months on end
471 00:46:05 掠夺就开始了the pillaging began
472 00:46:07 并持续了200年and continued for 200 years.
473 00:46:12 虽然它们现在受到了保护Though they are protected today
474 00:46:14 数量却只剩下原来的10%only 10% remain.
475 00:46:24 研究加拉帕戈斯群岛奇特的生物Studying the curious creatures of the Galapagos
476 00:46:26 启发了达尔文的自然选择论inspired Darwin's theory of natural selection.
477 00:46:30 但他在陆地上只看到了故事的一半But he only saw half the story here on land.
478 00:46:34 其余部分发生在另外的地方The rest is out there.
479 00:46:41 加拉帕戈斯群岛位于来自南 北 西The Galapagos islands sit at the intersection of three major Pacific ocean currents.
480 00:46:46 三大太平洋洋流的交汇处From the south
481 00:46:49 3个方向的洋流从水底带来丰富营养Three streams of nutrients from the deep serving up a buffet of
482 00:46:53 浮游生物 磷虾 鱼卵 螃蟹幼虫 应有尽有plankton
483 00:47:03 迁徙的鲸鲨聚集在这里享用盛宴Migrating whale sharks gather here to feast.
484 00:47:11 这是有史以来最大的鱼This is the largest fish that has ever lived
485 00:47:14 平均30英尺长 2万磅重averaging 30 feet long and 20
486 00:47:19 有些会更大Some get far bigger.
487 00:47:28 为这些温顺的动物提供惊人的能量It takes a staggering amount of energy to power these docile creatures.
488 00:47:39 当鲨鱼在水中全速前进时As the shark rams through the water
489 00:47:41 超级高效的过滤垫快速过滤鱼鳃中的海水super efficient filter pads directed it of the gills as fast as it comes in
490 00:47:46 把食物卡在它的喉咙里trapping food in it's throat.
491 00:47:59 在适宜的条件下In the right conditions
492 00:48:01 鲸鲨一天可以消耗300万卡路里a whale shark can consume three million calories in a day
493 00:48:09 当它们发现一片特别丰富的浮游生物时and when they find an especially rich patch of plankton
494 00:48:12 它们在原地盘旋they hover in place
495 00:48:14 把它们吸进来and vacuum it up.
496 00:48:22 像五星级酒店一样Like a five star hotel
497 00:48:24 加拉帕戈斯群岛吸引了来自四面八方的顾客the Galapagos draws customers from far and wide.
498 00:48:35 座头鲸从南极而来聚集在这里交配Humpback whales from the Antarctic rendezvous here to mate.
499 00:48:42 海龟在岛上的沙滩产蛋Sea turtles entrust their eggs to the islands sandy beaches.
500 00:48:48 在海洋深处And in the deep
501 00:48:49 高级俱乐部进行秘密聚会exclusive clubs meet in secret.
502 00:49:02 这是地球上最后几个This is one of the last places on Earth
503 00:49:05 扇贝锤头鲨聚集的地方之一where the scalloped hammerhead gathers in numbers.
504 00:49:12 白天 它们在近海游来游去During the day
505 00:49:16 你不会看到它们浪费精力捕鱼You won't see them wasting energy chasing fish.
506 00:49:23 这些食肉动物用最先进的技术捕猎These predators hunt with state of the art technology.
507 00:49:27 它们头部的曲线The curves on their cephalofoil
508 00:49:29 或者锤子形状的头or hammer shaped head
509 00:49:31 让它有更多的表面积和神经末梢来检测周围的电场give it more surface area and more receptors to detect electrical fields.
510 00:49:36 优势在晚上显现The advantage comes at night
511 00:49:38 当它们冒险进入开阔水域时when they venture into open water.
512 00:49:45 锤头鲨靠地球磁场导航Hammerheads navigate by the Earths magnetic field
513 00:49:48 晚餐来了and dinner comes to them.
514 00:49:54 在黑暗的掩护下Under the cover of darkness
515 00:49:55 乌贼从海底游来觅食squid rise from the depths to feed.
516 00:49:58 它们发现一队锤头鲨在等着它们They find an army of hammerheads in wait.
517 00:50:03 在乌贼神经系统中探测到微小的电流They hone in on the minute electrical currents in the squids nervous system
518 00:50:08 并在漆黑的水中捕捉它们and capture them in pitch black water.
519 00:50:13 这些鲨鱼曾经生活在食物链的顶端These sharks once sat atop the food chain.
520 00:50:16 今天Today
521 00:50:17 它们是偷猎者的头号目标they top the poachers wish list.
522 00:50:20 扇贝锤头鲨于20世纪60年代从地中海消失The scalloped hammerhead disappeared from the Mediterranean in the 1960s.
523 00:50:26 在大西洋消失了89％89% are gone from the Atlantic
524 00:50:29 南非水域消失了99％99% gone from the waters of South Africa.
525 00:50:34 它们越来越少 年幼的雌性锤头鲨十五年才能长大It takes 15 years to replace just one poached female.
526 00:50:40 即使是加拉帕戈斯群岛的浅滩 规模也大不如前Even those shoals
527 00:50:52 大陆漂移和熔岩造就了它Created by shifting continents and molten rock.
528 00:50:57 从亚洲到美洲Reaching from Asia to the Americas
529 00:51:00 从南极到北极from pole to pole.
530 00:51:03 在人类出现之前 它一直占绝对统治地位These waters reigned supreme before humans walked the Earth.
531 00:51:11 它关系到每一个海洋It touches every creature in every ocean
532 00:51:17 和陆地上的生物的生存and sustains life on land.
533 00:51:24 它就是狂野的太平洋The wild Pacific.