汪星人的奇思妙想 Inside the Mind of a Dog(2024)(EN)Subtitles
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1 00:00:06 [birds chirping]
2 00:00:08 [soft music playing]
3 00:00:10 [dogs barking in the distance]
4 00:00:14 [narrator] We think we knowwhat's going on inside the mind of a dog.
5 00:00:22 But new discoveries suggestwe may not know the whole story.
6 00:00:27 Dogs have found their wayinto every corner of our lives.
7 00:00:32 [camera clicks]
8 00:00:34 -[host] There he is.-[woman] Hi, baby!
9 00:00:36 [host] Hi! Hi, Toulouse.
10 00:00:38 -[narrator] They're our companions.-Good dog.
11 00:00:40 -[narrator] Our saviors.-Here, Lassie, take it to Gramps.
12 00:00:43 [Lassie barks]
13 00:00:44 [narrator] Our pop-culture icons.
14 00:00:46 Peter, you hear that?
15 00:00:47 [howls]
16 00:00:49 Scooby-Doo!
17 00:00:51 [narrator] And yet we're onlybeginning to understand
18 00:00:53 how their brains actually work.
19 00:00:57 [woman 1] For a long time, scientists felt
20 00:00:58 like dogs weren't really worthyof scientific study.
21 00:01:04 But now, canine scienceis really blossoming.
22 00:01:06 [woman 2] Puppy! Look!
23 00:01:07 [man] That big aha moment happened
24 00:01:10 when people started using methodsthat had been developed to use with kids…
25 00:01:14 [bell rings]
26 00:01:16 [man] …to uncover and unlockthe secrets of the dog social world.
27 00:01:20 -[bell rings]-Bravissimo!
28 00:01:22 [narrator] So how did dogs and humansbecome so hopelessly intertwined?
29 00:01:26 [all gushing]
30 00:01:30 [woman 3] I do think my dog loves me,
31 00:01:32 and I think there is scientific evidenceto back that up.
32 00:01:35 [automated voice]
33 00:01:37 [narrator] New science is helpingto decode their strange behavior,
34 00:01:41 decipher their hidden language…
35 00:01:43 [howling and barking]
36 00:01:45 [narrator] …and discover whydogs are the way they are.
37 00:01:49 [man] Understanding the mind of dogsis really an incredibly useful thing,
38 00:01:54 not just to enrichour relationships with them,
39 00:01:57 but to understand ourselves better.
40 00:01:59 [narrator] We can all get closerto our dogs
41 00:02:02 if we know their secrets.
42 00:02:04 [uplifting music playing]
43 00:02:10 [music fades]
44 00:02:14 [puppies grunting]
45 00:02:19 [narrator] Dogs are the single mostdiverse animal to ever walk the earth.
46 00:02:27 [man] Given how different dogs lookfrom one another,
47 00:02:30 you can imagine thatif an alien from another planet landed,
48 00:02:33 it could be confused.
49 00:02:35 [dog whimpers]
50 00:02:36 It would be really easy to thinkthat a Chihuahua and a Great Dane
51 00:02:39 are completely different things.
52 00:02:43 The history of where dog breeds come fromis really fascinating.
53 00:02:47 [panting]
54 00:02:48 There are breeds that were bredoriginally in Asia,
55 00:02:52 Africa, or the Americas.
56 00:02:55 Most of the breeds that we recognize today
57 00:02:58 are gonna be 100, 125 years old.
58 00:03:01 [narrator] Until the late 1800s,dogs were primarily bred for work,
59 00:03:05 when a new phenomenontook over the dog world.
60 00:03:08 [whimpers]
61 00:03:09 [narrator] Vanity.
62 00:03:11 [Hare] Instead of having iPhonesor Louis Vuitton bags,
63 00:03:14 people started to breed dogsto communicate status.
64 00:03:17 Then other people wanted dogsof that same breed,
65 00:03:19 and they became popular.
66 00:03:21 [narrator] In Scotland,the first golden retriever
67 00:03:24 was believed to be an undesirable mutation
68 00:03:27 from a long line of bird dogs.
69 00:03:30 But the eccentric Lord Tweedmouthliked the new color
70 00:03:33 and bred him with other soft, red dogs,
71 00:03:36 creating a brand-new breed.
72 00:03:40 [dogs barking]
73 00:03:43 [narrator] For decades,
74 00:03:44 the most popular breedhas been the Labrador Retriever.
75 00:03:48 But in 2022, the French bulldogsurpassed the Lab in the US.
76 00:03:54 [dog whimpers]
77 00:03:55 [narrator] So how exactlydid our most popular pet
78 00:03:59 become such a valuable memberof the family?
79 00:04:03 To understand that,we need to start at the very beginning.
80 00:04:10 So where do dogs come from?
81 00:04:12 Whoa, that's a… fun one.
82 00:04:14 [barks]
83 00:04:16 [Hare] The scientific nameof the domestic dog, our best buddies,
84 00:04:20 is Canis familiaris.
85 00:04:22 The scientific name of a wolfis Canis lupus.
86 00:04:25 [growling]
87 00:04:26 But every dog and every dog breedis just another version of a wolf
88 00:04:31 that, through selection and evolution,has expressed itself.
89 00:04:36 [narrator] Every breed shares 99.9%of the same DNA as wolves.
90 00:04:42 [wolves howling]
91 00:04:45 [Hare] Wolves were extremely successful
92 00:04:48 up until, really, 50,000 years ago.
93 00:04:52 Millions and millions and millionsof wolves
94 00:04:54 spread all over Europe, Asia,and North America.
95 00:04:59 There weren't just wolves.There's what's called a carnivore guild.
96 00:05:02 -There were giant hyenas…-[howls]
97 00:05:04 -[Hare] …giant cave bears…-[roars]
98 00:05:06 -[Hare] …lions.-[growls]
99 00:05:08 [Hare] The modern human populationpulses out of Africa,
100 00:05:12 and we are super predators.
101 00:05:14 [grunts]
102 00:05:16 [Hare] We're so good at hunting
103 00:05:18 that most other large predatorsgo extinct.
104 00:05:21 [creature cries]
105 00:05:22 [Hare] Two species that do surviveare brown bears…
106 00:05:25 [bear roars]
107 00:05:26 -[Hare] …and wolves.-[wolf howls]
108 00:05:28 [Hare] And so wolves are real survivors.
109 00:05:32 Okay, now it becomesa little bit more mysterious.
110 00:05:35 Instead of being afraid of humans,
111 00:05:37 a population of wolves,
112 00:05:39 they actually became attractedto all the yummy garbage
113 00:05:41 that the humans were creating.
114 00:05:44 So a new type of friendliness evolved.
115 00:05:48 [laughter]
116 00:05:49 [Hare] So survival of the friendliest
117 00:05:51 is really the most successfulevolutionary strategy
118 00:05:54 that has been identified.
119 00:05:56 [dog panting]
120 00:05:58 [Hare] And it is counterto survival of the fittest.
121 00:06:02 It is not at all that beingbig, bad alpha makes you superior.
122 00:06:08 And, in fact, if anything,being dominant is super costly.
123 00:06:12 In any species that evolves,
124 00:06:13 a new type of friendlinessthat leads to new forms of cooperation
125 00:06:16 just absolutely does gangbustersin the game of life.
126 00:06:24 Whether it's flowers
127 00:06:26 that are really an evolutionary innovationin the plant world…
128 00:06:30 [buzzing]
129 00:06:31 [Hare] "I'm gonna be friendly,give you something,
130 00:06:33 and then we're gonna cooperate."
131 00:06:35 And guess what?There's only one terrestrial vertebrate
132 00:06:38 that can live year-round in Antarctica.
133 00:06:42 And it is the Emperor Penguin.
134 00:06:44 [penguins chirping]
135 00:06:47 [Hare] They do it by hugging.
136 00:06:49 They hug all winter.
137 00:06:51 So friendliness wins.It wins again and again in life.
138 00:06:55 [dog panting]
139 00:06:57 [narrator] And dogs havea special adaptation
140 00:07:00 that helps them take friendlinessto the next level.
141 00:07:03 [Hare] As an example, one of the thingsthat's changed dramatically in dogs,
142 00:07:07 relative to wolves,
143 00:07:08 is they have a musclethat allows them to pull back their eye…
144 00:07:13 [woman] Oh my God!
145 00:07:15 [Hare] …and show the white partof your eye, called the sclera.
146 00:07:20 And we know that when humans interact,
147 00:07:22 seeing white sclera is the waythat our brain automatically recognizes
148 00:07:26 that you're interactingwith another human being.
149 00:07:30 It's actually one of the key ways
150 00:07:32 that newborn infantsrecognize their mother.
151 00:07:36 Puppy dog eyes.
152 00:07:37 They really hijack one of the main wayswe interact with each other.
153 00:07:40 [dog whines]
154 00:07:42 [Hare] And dogshave taken advantage of it.
155 00:07:50 [puppies yipping]
156 00:07:52 [narrator] Puppies are bornblind and deaf.
157 00:07:56 But they can immediatelysmell their way to Mom.
158 00:08:03 After three weeks,these puppies are opening their eyes
159 00:08:06 for the very first time.
160 00:08:07 [puppies yipping]
161 00:08:13 [narrator] This litter has ten pups.
162 00:08:15 Four above average,but far from the world record of 24.
163 00:08:22 And every single one is unique.
164 00:08:26 Right down to the tip of their nose.
165 00:08:28 So dogs have nose printsin the same way that we have fingerprints.
166 00:08:32 If you were to puta little bit of ink on your dog's nose
167 00:08:34 and press it up to a piece of paper,
168 00:08:36 it would make a unique imprint
169 00:08:37 that would be differentfrom any other dog.
170 00:08:39 [dog whimpers]
171 00:08:41 [narrator] Each puppy's personalityis just as different as their nose print.
172 00:08:46 And researchersare trying to figure out why.
173 00:08:50 [Hecht] So it's beena long-standing question in science,
174 00:08:53 how much does nature matterversus how much does nurture matter?
175 00:08:56 You can neverjust have an impact of one or the other.
176 00:08:59 They both interact to producethe dog's individual personality.
177 00:09:03 What makes a dog the way that they are
178 00:09:05 in terms of how they interactwith the world?
179 00:09:07 From the environment side,
180 00:09:09 that's everything they experienceover the course of their life,
181 00:09:13 even before they're born.
182 00:09:15 [puppies grunting]
183 00:09:19 Maternal style,a topic near and dear to my heart.
184 00:09:23 So that is somethingthat we have been studying
185 00:09:26 in the first three weeksof the puppy's life.
186 00:09:29 What we're learning is there is variation
187 00:09:31 in how muchmothers interact with their puppies.
188 00:09:35 We see a range of mothersthat are constantly with their puppies,
189 00:09:38 and then the more laissez-faire,hands-off mothers.
190 00:09:42 We see impacts of that affectingthe puppies' problem-solving skills
191 00:09:48 and even their personalities.
192 00:09:51 What we're learning is that the mothers
193 00:09:54 that were letting the puppiesfigure it out on their own,
194 00:09:57 their puppies went on to becomethe most successful guide dogs.
195 00:10:01 A reasonable hypothesis is that, you know,
196 00:10:04 they're kind of learning to figure it outfor themselves early on,
197 00:10:07 and that's serving them wellin their later career.
198 00:10:11 [narrator] Understandinghow a puppy thinks
199 00:10:13 is a window into the mind of all dogs.
200 00:10:18 [Bray] Hi! How are you?
201 00:10:22 You ready?
202 00:10:24 Are we gonna see what you're thinkin'?
203 00:10:26 Hi, handsome. You're so cute.
204 00:10:29 I know. I love you.
205 00:10:31 Right now, we're going to be runningthe pointing task,
206 00:10:34 and this is kind ofthe quintessential canine cognition task
207 00:10:37 that I feel likekind of put canine cognition on the map
208 00:10:40 back in the early 2000s.
209 00:10:43 Puppy, look.
210 00:10:44 We call it an object choice test.
211 00:10:46 We use our high-tech Solo cups.
212 00:10:48 So there's two hiding options.
213 00:10:50 We actually tape treatsinto the bottom of each of the cups,
214 00:10:53 so both options smell like food.
215 00:10:57 If they're choosing the correct cup,
216 00:10:58 it's because they're using the commutativecue that we're providing them.
217 00:11:03 And then I simply pointto the one that the food is under.
218 00:11:06 Okay.
219 00:11:11 [laughter]
220 00:11:12 [Bray] Good job!
221 00:11:13 And what has been foundis that dogs, in general,
222 00:11:17 are really goodat following a human point…
223 00:11:19 Okay.
224 00:11:23 -Good choice.-Yes!
225 00:11:24 -Good boy! You got it!-Good boy!
226 00:11:26 …even better than our closestliving relatives, the apes.
227 00:11:31 [Hare] So, as smartas our close primate relatives are,
228 00:11:35 bonobos, chimpanzees,
229 00:11:36 there's one thingthey're not very good at,
230 00:11:38 which is understanding that whensomeone gestures to them in a helpful way,
231 00:11:44 they're trying to direct you and help.They don't really get it.
232 00:11:47 You chose the wrong one!
233 00:11:49 That's something that's really cruciallyimportant in human development.
234 00:11:52 And because human infants,9 to 12 months of age,
235 00:11:55 we start understandingwhen somebody gestures or points,
236 00:11:58 to follow the direction they're pointing,
237 00:12:00 we could learn somethingabout what they're trying to show.
238 00:12:02 Hey, lookie here. Where is it?Can you get it? Can you get the ball?
239 00:12:11 Hey! Nice job.
240 00:12:14 [Hare] You got it.
241 00:12:15 All humans can do this.It's very important to our development.
242 00:12:18 But then these close relativescan't really do that.
243 00:12:21 So that then led us to believe, um,
244 00:12:23 that maybe there's something reallyimportant that's different about dogs.
245 00:12:27 -[woman] Nice!-[Bray] Yahoo!
246 00:12:28 [narrator] This pointing testwas the beginning
247 00:12:30 of a dog-science renaissance,
248 00:12:34 and it led Dr. Brian Hare
249 00:12:36 to start the Duke UniversityCanine Cognition Center.
250 00:12:39 [woman] Okay.
251 00:12:40 [Hare] It is a center that's dedicatedto understanding dog behavior, psychology,
252 00:12:45 and we're trying to learnhow dogs' minds work.
253 00:12:48 [woman] Okay!
254 00:12:50 [Hare] And then we're trying to usewhat we learn to train them better
255 00:12:54 and have them raisedto do jobs more effectively.
256 00:13:00 [narrator] When given the chance,dogs are capable of amazing things.
257 00:13:05 From tracking whales…
258 00:13:07 [reporter 1] Dio guides scientiststo the whales by smelling their poop.
259 00:13:12 [narrator] …to exploring the cosmos.
260 00:13:15 [reporter 2] Liftoff.
261 00:13:17 [narrator] Even running for office.
262 00:13:18 [reporter 3] Max is a golden retriever.
263 00:13:21 -My favorite politician.-Yeah.
264 00:13:23 [reporter 3] He's wonthree consecutive elections
265 00:13:26 in this small, picturesque town.
266 00:13:28 [narrator] But perhaps most amazing,
267 00:13:31 dogs who devote their livesto helping people.
268 00:13:34 [Hare] What people viewas a great dog today
269 00:13:37 is what service dogs have beenbred and raised and trained to be
270 00:13:41 for a century.
271 00:13:43 Folks have a lot to learnfrom service dogs
272 00:13:45 about how they might wanna raisetheir own dog.
273 00:13:48 [narrator] In 1986, Charles Schulz,the creator of Snoopy,
274 00:13:52 helped build Canine Companions…
275 00:13:55 [woman cheering]
276 00:13:57 [narrator] …the world's largestservice-dog school.
277 00:14:00 They raise 1,000 puppies a year
278 00:14:03 in six campuses across the country.
279 00:14:13 These puppies are eight weeks old.Time they head out into the world.
280 00:14:19 And their journeycan tell us a lot about our own dogs.
281 00:14:25 [woman 1] Eight weeks is a timewhen puppies are at an age
282 00:14:27 where it's good for themto go and be independent.
283 00:14:29 They've been bonding with their mom,with their littermates.
284 00:14:33 It's really important that they startbonding more with people at this stage.
285 00:14:37 [woman 2] Come on, puppies! Buh-buh-buh!
286 00:14:39 -[woman 3] Puppies!-[woman 2] Come on, puppies!
287 00:14:42 [narrator] Typically, at eight weeks,puppies go to a puppy raiser,
288 00:14:46 but these four puppiesare taking a special detour.
289 00:14:49 [Kennedy] So we've been workingwith Duke University.
290 00:14:52 We have puppies that go and stay at Dukefrom 8 to 20 weeks of age,
291 00:14:56 doing cognition tests repeatedlyevery couple of weeks throughout the time.
292 00:15:06 [whimsical jazz music plays]
293 00:15:09 [narrator] These pupsare flying 2,500 miles
294 00:15:12 on a plane donated by a volunteer pilot
295 00:15:15 to attend puppy kindergarten…
296 00:15:18 [barking]
297 00:15:19 [narrator] …a part of Duke University'sCanine Cognition Center.
298 00:15:23 [relaxed jazz music playing]
299 00:15:32 [ding]
300 00:15:33 -[man laughs]-[woman 1 squeals]
301 00:15:34 [woman 2] So cute!
302 00:15:35 -[man laughing] Oh my gosh.-Hello!
303 00:15:37 Oh, it's good to see you.
304 00:15:39 -Did you have a good flight?-[man] Oh my gosh.
305 00:15:43 My name is Vanessa Woods,and I run the Duke Puppy Kindergarten.
306 00:15:48 -Yeah. You do a good job.-Thank you.
307 00:15:50 -You do a really nice job.-What do you do, really?
308 00:15:53 -Uh… you know. I don't know.-[laughs]
309 00:15:55 [birds chirping]
310 00:15:56 Let's check this guy out. Okay.
311 00:15:59 Now, you've never seen this before, right?
312 00:16:01 All right.
313 00:16:03 This is really tough,even for an adult dog.
314 00:16:05 [Bray] Mm-hmm. Okay.
315 00:16:07 [Bray and Hare] Oh!
316 00:16:10 -Oh, well done. Yay.-[Woods] You'll get it the next time.
317 00:16:13 [Hare] It's hard.
318 00:16:14 Duke Puppy Kindergarten, you wanna takepuppies at their most cutest.
319 00:16:18 [Hare] Don't go to the left.
320 00:16:19 [Woods] But also at their final periodof rapid brain development.
321 00:16:23 And we playthese sort of fun cognitive games
322 00:16:25 to see if we can come upwith a cognitive profile
323 00:16:27 to predict who is most likelyto make it as a service dog.
324 00:16:32 -[Hare] Trial two. Pretty good.-Good job.
325 00:16:34 -You did it.-[Hare] Quick learner.
326 00:16:35 [Woods] At the moment, it takes two yearsbefore you even know
327 00:16:38 if the dog is gonna make it.
328 00:16:39 And we can take a puppyand really run them through these tests
329 00:16:42 and say, "Okay, you know,you're definitely looking like
330 00:16:45 what we predict a service dog would be."
331 00:16:47 But other ones, you're just…you're just gonna make a great pet.
332 00:16:51 [Bray] Puppy, look.
333 00:16:53 Okay.
334 00:16:56 [Hare] We have a task calledthe impossible task,
335 00:16:59 and what we're seeing is that some dogs
336 00:17:01 immediately focus on trying to get food
337 00:17:05 out of a container that they previouslyhave gotten food out of,
338 00:17:08 but we've locked it and made it impossibleor really hard to get it open.
339 00:17:11 [Bray] Okay.
340 00:17:13 [Hare] Some dogs, they realize,"I can't get that thing open,"
341 00:17:16 and they immediately look upto the person,
342 00:17:18 and they start barkingor, you know, making eye contact,
343 00:17:21 trying to communicate with the person.
344 00:17:26 What we've learned is
345 00:17:27 the dog that really just triesto solve the problem on its own,
346 00:17:30 those dogs tend to bereally great at problems
347 00:17:34 that have to do with finding things,
348 00:17:36 like in dogs that are gonna be trainedin detection work.
349 00:17:38 -[Bray] Wow.-[Woods] It's amazing!
350 00:17:41 [Hare] The dog who realizesthere's a problem they can't solve
351 00:17:45 and kind of look upand ask for help in a way,
352 00:17:50 those dogs tend to be dogs that aregonna do really, really well for service
353 00:17:54 and for helping people with disabilities.
354 00:17:56 You're backwards.You can't see it from there.
355 00:17:59 You wanna go around? Come here.
356 00:18:01 [Hare] And so we've been trackinghow their cognition starts to emerge.
357 00:18:07 It's not like a light bulb just comes on.
358 00:18:09 It's more like a symphonyof lots of little lights.
359 00:18:13 -And---Christmas lights.
360 00:18:14 Yeah, they kind of blink onat different times.
361 00:18:17 Um, and maybe they're different colors.I don't know.
362 00:18:20 -Um…-Fireworks.
363 00:18:21 I like Christmas treeswith colored lights.
364 00:18:24 [toy meowing tunefully]
365 00:18:28 [Hare] So some of these gameswe're seeing consistency,
366 00:18:30 that what we measure when they're puppiesdoes tell us about what they do as adults.
367 00:18:35 [narrator] These puppies arein kindergarten from 8 to 20 weeks.
368 00:18:39 After that,they go to a certified puppy raiser.
369 00:18:43 [laughter]
370 00:18:48 [woman] No more food, buddy.
371 00:18:51 All done.
372 00:18:54 [cat meows]
373 00:18:55 [narrator] Puppy raisersare experienced foster parents
374 00:18:58 who raise the dogsuntil they're 18 months.
375 00:19:02 They're tasked with teachingthese puppies the basics.
376 00:19:05 [woman] Yes!
377 00:19:07 [narrator] How to be a good dog.
378 00:19:09 [woman speaking]
379 00:19:10 [woman] Oh my God.
380 00:19:12 Hi!
381 00:19:13 [narrator] The first year and a halfis the most formative time for a dog.
382 00:19:19 [Hecht] There's this folk knowledge thatone human year equals seven dog years.
383 00:19:23 That's not exactly right.
384 00:19:25 Um, dogs mature very quicklyearly in life.
385 00:19:28 They reach sexual maturityin about six months,
386 00:19:31 but after that,their development sort of flattens out.
387 00:19:35 [narrator] At 18 months,they're young adults
388 00:19:38 and ready for service dog training school.
389 00:19:42 [indistinct chattering]
390 00:19:44 We raise and train service dogsfor people with disabilities.
391 00:19:49 Service dogs change livesin more ways than you would think.
392 00:19:54 The big day that dogs come into their first day of college,
393 00:19:58 we receive the dogs,
394 00:20:01 we say, "Hey, I'm your new trainer.Let's get to work."
395 00:20:06 -[man] Yes.-[woman] That's it. Good boy.
396 00:20:08 [narrator] In this first stageof service-dog school,
397 00:20:11 candidates undergosix months of rigorous training.
398 00:20:14 [woman] Yes. Good girl.
399 00:20:16 We start training a dogin over 40 different commands.
400 00:20:19 Touch. Yay.
401 00:20:21 Shake. 'Kay.
402 00:20:22 Give. Yes.
403 00:20:23 Clients may have mobility disabilities,
404 00:20:27 so we train very task-oriented commands.
405 00:20:30 [woman] Up. Yep.
406 00:20:32 [Hutchinson] So a dogcan assist you with things
407 00:20:34 that you wouldn't normally be able to do.
408 00:20:36 Push. Yes!
409 00:20:38 Tug.
410 00:20:38 Good boy.
411 00:20:41 We serve veterans with PTSD,
412 00:20:43 so we train interactive skills,like nightmare interruptions.
413 00:20:50 Yes. Good boy, buddy.
414 00:20:52 Dogs are meant to enhance a person's life.
415 00:20:57 Good girl.
416 00:20:58 [Hutchinson] Because we do havevery high standards,
417 00:21:00 only approximately half of our dogsdo graduate and become a service dog.
418 00:21:07 [narrator] There are hundredsof hopeful people
419 00:21:09 waiting to be matched with a service dog.
420 00:21:13 So every dog counts.
421 00:21:16 [Hutchinson] Light. You got it.Come on, get up.
422 00:21:19 Yeah! Good boy.
423 00:21:21 Whoo!
424 00:21:22 What do you think?
425 00:21:24 Was that a good workout?Was that a good workout?
426 00:21:26 Was that a good workout? Yeah-yeah.
427 00:21:29 Wow!
428 00:21:30 So this is Bonus,
429 00:21:31 and the bonus fact about him is that
430 00:21:34 he, once upon a time, had bracesbecause of an overbite.
431 00:21:39 Yes, he's very sweet. He is very lovey.
432 00:21:42 Bonus's favorite way of interactingis butt scratches.
433 00:21:45 This really gets him going.
434 00:21:46 He really likes the butt scratches.Right, baby?
435 00:21:49 Ohh. Yeah.
436 00:21:50 [woman laughs]
437 00:21:52 Bonus, tug.
438 00:21:54 [Hutchinson] Bonus needssome confidence building,
439 00:21:57 some encouragement.
440 00:21:58 Oh! Try again.
441 00:22:00 But he is interactive.
442 00:22:01 Light. Yes!
443 00:22:03 He is really good at precisionwhen it comes to tasks.
444 00:22:07 Come on, get up. Yeah!
445 00:22:10 [narrator] Three keys to training a dog…
446 00:22:12 Up.
447 00:22:13 [narrator] Patience.
448 00:22:15 Yeah! Good boy!
449 00:22:17 -[narrator] Repetition.-Wow.
450 00:22:18 Light. You got it.
451 00:22:20 Yes! Good boy.
452 00:22:21 [narrator] And understandingwhat they're trying to say.
453 00:22:24 So our job is to teach peoplewhat your dog is saying to you,
454 00:22:28 what your dog is thinking.
455 00:22:29 Good boy. Good.
456 00:22:32 Dogs are constantly communicating with us.
457 00:22:34 All you have to do is watch your dog,listen to your dog.
458 00:22:38 He's giving youall the information you need.
459 00:22:41 -[woman 1] Oh my God.-[woman 2] Hi!
460 00:22:43 [laughter]
461 00:22:45 [woman 2] Hi!
462 00:22:46 [dog whimpering]
463 00:22:48 [man] When I'm looking at the bodylanguage, the tail wag is gonna say a lot.
464 00:22:53 A loose tailtends to indicate less stress,
465 00:22:57 more happiness, more curiosity.
466 00:23:00 [dog whimpers]
467 00:23:01 A tighter tail,if we think about it in human terms…
468 00:23:03 This is an exercisefor everybody at home watching.
469 00:23:06 Tighten your butt right now,and then ask yourself how you feel.
470 00:23:12 And there's usuallyan emotional correlation there.
471 00:23:15 The tail tucked or wagging lowindicates to me that there's some stress.
472 00:23:19 [barks]
473 00:23:21 The helicopter tail usually comeswith a good, big butt wiggle.
474 00:23:25 Typically, when we see that,there is an emotional experience
475 00:23:29 that seems to be really positivefor the dog.
476 00:23:32 From the current science,
477 00:23:34 if a dog is seeing somebody that they knowand has a positive association with,
478 00:23:39 we see a tail wag to the right.
479 00:23:42 It's pretty cool.
480 00:23:43 But I want to seewhat's happening with the body
481 00:23:46 that might be correlatingwith what's happening with the tail.
482 00:23:48 [barks]
483 00:23:50 Dogs have 16 different facial expressions.
484 00:23:53 [camera clicks]
485 00:23:54 -[dog growls]-[Draper] Anger.
486 00:23:56 -[dog whimpers]-[Draper] Anxiety.
487 00:23:58 -[dog whines]-[Draper] Pain.
488 00:24:00 -[dog barks]-[Draper] Happiness.
489 00:24:01 -[dog whimpers]-[Draper] Sadness.
490 00:24:03 You compare that to humans, who haveabout 27 different facial expressions.
491 00:24:08 And then chimpanzees,one of the smartest mammals in the world,
492 00:24:11 have only 13 to 14 facial expressions.
493 00:24:18 So dogs learned a lot of that from usby what we do and what we've shown them.
494 00:24:22 [Hutchinson laughs]
495 00:24:24 Oh, your face. Can you do a downsy?
496 00:24:28 Good boy. Fastest I've ever seen himdo this for a treat.
497 00:24:31 So this sweet little guy is Peabody.
498 00:24:35 He has a relaxing presence.
499 00:24:37 When Peabody's around, everybody's chill.
500 00:24:40 Most of the time,he likes to lay in the sun.
501 00:24:43 When all the dogsare running loops around and playing tug,
502 00:24:47 he can be found sunbathing.
503 00:24:52 P, get.
504 00:24:54 Training can be a little slow.
505 00:24:56 You got it.
506 00:24:57 He does need work on retrieving.
507 00:25:01 However, he performsinteractive skills very well.
508 00:25:05 Visit.
509 00:25:07 Interrupting anxiety,that's actually a task.
510 00:25:10 That's a trained behavior.
511 00:25:11 Good boy.
512 00:25:12 So we are constantly evaluatingtheir appropriateness
513 00:25:16 to become service dogs.
514 00:25:18 [narrator] Most dogs sleepabout half of every day.
515 00:25:21 [barks]
516 00:25:22 [narrator] But not all.
517 00:25:26 [Hutchinson] So this silly boy is Nemo.
518 00:25:30 Nemo is very animated.
519 00:25:32 You got the pterodactyl.
520 00:25:34 -[barks]-No.
521 00:25:35 Nemo, down.
522 00:25:38 No.
523 00:25:38 Yes. Good boy.
524 00:25:42 -No. I don't think we were doing that.-[barks]
525 00:25:45 Not that one either.
526 00:25:47 Nemo is very much in love with life.
527 00:25:51 He does need to focuswhen it comes to working.
528 00:25:54 One more. Fetch.
529 00:25:59 Nemo!
530 00:26:01 [narrator] Twenty percent of dogsshow ADHD-like behavior,
531 00:26:05 twice as many as humans.
532 00:26:07 Whether Nemo is one of themis yet to be seen.
533 00:26:14 Dogs with ADHD can be more impulsive,
534 00:26:17 even hyperactive.
535 00:26:20 But that doesn't make them untrainable.
536 00:26:24 [woman] Nemo, tug.
537 00:26:25 [Hutchinson] Nemo has a job to doin the real world.
538 00:26:27 [woman] Yeah. That's it. Good boy.
539 00:26:30 Drop.
540 00:26:31 Yes. Juice.
541 00:26:34 That's it. Yes, sir. Good boy. Very nice.
542 00:26:38 Nemo, he's really excelledin that retrieving-items command,
543 00:26:41 as well as learning that tug command.
544 00:26:43 Hey.
545 00:26:44 He's animated and loving,and he enjoys training,
546 00:26:48 but we still have to see if we feelthat he can do his job reliably.
547 00:26:53 I always have to say "if"because nothing is guaranteed.
548 00:26:58 We have seen him alert bark at times.
549 00:27:00 [barks]
550 00:27:01 That is something you can getkicked out of restaurants, stores,
551 00:27:04 so that would disqualify himfrom becoming a service dog.
552 00:27:10 [narrator] If Nemocan't control his barking,
553 00:27:12 he will not graduateand be matched with someone in need.
554 00:27:18 Barking meant something differentbefore the human-canine bond evolved.
555 00:27:22 [wolves howl]
556 00:27:24 [Hecht] So wolves howl as a group.
557 00:27:26 It's an importantform of social communication for them.
558 00:27:29 But they don't barkin the way that dogs do towards humans.
559 00:27:33 [barking]
560 00:27:34 Dogs seem to bark in a more emotional way,potentially to recruit human attention.
561 00:27:40 [whines, howls]
562 00:27:41 Some breeds of dogs howl a lot.
563 00:27:43 If you have a Siberian Husky,you're probably, like, nodding right now.
564 00:27:49 [vocalizing]
565 00:27:56 [man] Good girl.
566 00:27:58 [vocalizing]
567 00:28:01 [man] I love you.
568 00:28:02 [vocalizing]
569 00:28:05 [dogs howling]
570 00:28:06 [narrator] Humans are so vocal…
571 00:28:08 [woman] Guys!
572 00:28:10 [narrator] …we've helped dogsto find their voice.
573 00:28:12 [screeching]
574 00:28:18 Just like with people, different peopleare gonna talk to me in different ways.
575 00:28:22 [howling]
576 00:28:24 -[howling]-A bark is not just a bark.
577 00:28:26 Some dogs are barkers.
578 00:28:28 But the change in the tonecan make a difference.
579 00:28:30 [whining]
580 00:28:32 Higher stress situationsare going to lead to a higher pitched,
581 00:28:36 almost distressed kind of bark.
582 00:28:38 [continuous high-pitched barking]
583 00:28:41 Repetition at a high pitchwithout pausing,
584 00:28:44 it's generally a state of distress.
585 00:28:46 [high-pitched barks]
586 00:28:48 If the dog is barking and pausing,
587 00:28:51 then it would indicatethere's still some cognitive ability.
588 00:28:55 [woman] Walter.
589 00:28:56 [yowling]
590 00:28:58 -[woman] No.-[Beisner] There is no bad dog.
591 00:29:01 There is behaviorthat we don't understand,
592 00:29:03 but the dog's behavior is 100% appropriatebased on its experience in that moment.
593 00:29:07 [barking]
594 00:29:10 [narrator] Barking and hyperactivity
595 00:29:12 are two behaviors that Penn Vetcan actually use to help save lives.
596 00:29:16 Good girl, Lucky!
597 00:29:17 The Penn Vet Working Dog Centeroriginated after the disasters of 9/11.
598 00:29:24 We realized that there was no scienceto really support these amazing dogs
599 00:29:28 that were doingthe search-and-rescue work.
600 00:29:31 We needed a programthat we could research the dogs,
601 00:29:34 we could understand the dogs,
602 00:29:36 and improve the health,the well-being, the welfare of these dogs,
603 00:29:40 and the availability because there weren'tenough of these search-and-rescue dogs
604 00:29:44 to do the jobs that we're asking for them.
605 00:29:48 Here at the Working Dog Center,
606 00:29:49 we're lookingfor very, very different types of dogs.
607 00:29:53 We know, in any litter,the dogs that won't sit still
608 00:29:57 really want to workin detection-type, active jobs.
609 00:30:04 Anything that dogs do with their noses.
610 00:30:08 Search and rescue.
611 00:30:09 [barking]
612 00:30:10 Nice job!
613 00:30:12 [Otto] Explosive detection.
614 00:30:15 Drug detection.
615 00:30:16 [sniffing]
616 00:30:17 [Otto] Medical detection.
617 00:30:18 [sniffing]
618 00:30:20 [Otto] And so they have to havethe physical strength,
619 00:30:23 and they have to havewhat we call body awareness.
620 00:30:26 These dogs are climbing ladders,they're navigating unstable surfaces.
621 00:30:31 They have to have that strength,that awareness.
622 00:30:36 They're almost like gymnasts.
623 00:30:40 By having the Canimetrics program,our dogs are physically fit…
624 00:30:44 [woman] Good job, girly.
625 00:30:46 [Otto] …which allows them to workin a safer manner.
626 00:30:49 We do warm-ups before they do activities.
627 00:30:52 Good.
628 00:30:54 [Otto] We actually have dogs doing planks,which is core-strength training,
629 00:30:58 and it's amazing what that doesfor their abdominal muscles,
630 00:31:03 their back muscles.
631 00:31:05 Most dogs in the United Statesare actually overweight,
632 00:31:08 and that shortens their lifeup to two years
633 00:31:11 when we're talking about10 to 20% overweight.
634 00:31:14 So it's really important for usto keep these dogs strong and healthy.
635 00:31:19 [woman] Good girl. Nice job.
636 00:31:24 [narrator] In the wild,wolves don't need calisthenics.
637 00:31:28 Being fit is the differencebetween life and death.
638 00:31:32 Dogs are both prey and predator.
639 00:31:35 [dramatic music playing]
640 00:31:37 So they were trying to escape,or they had to use that ability to run
641 00:31:42 in order to chase down food to survive.
642 00:31:45 [barking]
643 00:31:52 [Lee] If you look at a greyhound,compared to other breeds,
644 00:31:56 they can have 12% more musclein their hind limbs than the average dog.
645 00:32:02 [Draper] A greyhound runsup to 45 miles an hour.
646 00:32:05 Pretty impressive.
647 00:32:06 The average speed of dogsis about 15 to 20 miles per hour.
648 00:32:13 Then you have the Basset Hound,
649 00:32:15 who has the mind-blowing speedof five miles per hour.
650 00:32:18 ["Ride of the Valkyries"by Wagner playing]
651 00:32:24 [music warps]
652 00:32:26 [narrator] They might notall be the fastest,
653 00:32:29 but dogs are nature's elitehigh-endurance athletes.
654 00:32:36 [Lee] Some of these sled dogs that race,they run 100 miles a day,
655 00:32:40 and they're only 40 to 50 pounds.
656 00:32:42 So they have a greater lung capacity,a faster metabolism,
657 00:32:46 and a more efficientcardiovascular system.
658 00:32:50 [narrator] At rest, a dog's metabolismis about the same as a human's.
659 00:32:54 But when they need it,dogs can shift gear,
660 00:32:57 recording the highest sustainedmetabolic rate of any animal.
661 00:33:02 It means they usethe same amount of calories
662 00:33:05 three times more efficientlythan a Tour de France rider.
663 00:33:13 And when they're done,they downshift back to rest.
664 00:33:19 All of our dogs are still wild at heart.
665 00:33:29 It's not so much the plastic Frisbee.
666 00:33:32 It's the predatorial driveto chase something.
667 00:33:39 [Draper] They don't have collar bones,
668 00:33:41 which allows them to be more flexibleand change directions really quickly.
669 00:33:46 They have tails that help balance them,
670 00:33:49 and they have a very long, flexible spine.
671 00:33:52 [Lee] As much as we try to getin the mind of a dog,
672 00:33:55 of, like, the pathophysiologyof how a dog does it,
673 00:33:57 it's really split-second decisionswhere a dog is chasing whatever it is.
674 00:34:02 It may be prey, it may be a plastic disc,
675 00:34:05 but in their mind,within seconds or milliseconds,
676 00:34:08 their brain is undergoing computation
677 00:34:10 where they're figuring outhow far it's gonna go,
678 00:34:12 what direction, what direction to pivot,
679 00:34:14 and the ability to turn around
680 00:34:16 and catch it in their mouthat the same time.
681 00:34:22 But not all dogs are created equalwhen it comes to catching Frisbees.
682 00:34:27 [narrator] Dogs all havetheir strengths and weaknesses.
683 00:34:32 It's up to us to nurture themas individuals.
684 00:34:35 [Draper] Depending on the breed,dogs need different types of enrichment
685 00:34:39 to give them a fulfilled life.
686 00:34:42 -And stimulate their mind.-Right.
687 00:34:45 [narrator] It paysto let your dog be themselves.
688 00:34:48 Oh, yeah.
689 00:34:49 Our dogs workbecause they show a desire to work.
690 00:34:54 Ready? Okay. Release.
691 00:34:56 [narrator] Peabody, Bonus, and Nemo
692 00:34:58 have all completedthe first stage of the program.
693 00:35:00 Speak. Speak.
694 00:35:02 -Yeah. Yeah. Speak. Yeah.-[barking]
695 00:35:05 So we have basic commands,
696 00:35:07 the sits and the downsand, you know, all of that.
697 00:35:10 Impressive. Okay. But can a dog sitwhen there's a roller coaster behind them?
698 00:35:16 [people screaming]
699 00:35:20 [narrator] It's time for them to take whatthey've learned outside the classroom.
700 00:35:27 [Hutchinson] Field tripsgive us a lot of information
701 00:35:31 about who each dog is.
702 00:35:34 Good job, buddy.
703 00:35:36 We are looking for how the dogthinks, feels, and operates.
704 00:35:41 [girl] Hi, doggy.
705 00:35:42 [Hutchinson] We're at Adventurelandwith Mr. Peabody here.
706 00:35:46 It is full of noise…
707 00:35:47 [people screaming]
708 00:35:49 [Hutchinson]…distractions.
709 00:35:52 We want to see if he is able to payattention to me in this environment.
710 00:35:57 Ready. Can you jump?
711 00:35:58 Yay. Good boy. Nice.
712 00:36:01 [Lee] When it comes to hearing,because they hear higher frequencies,
713 00:36:05 dogs hear four times more than humans do.
714 00:36:09 [people screaming]
715 00:36:12 [high-pitched ringing]
716 00:36:14 [Lee] We're not always cognizant of thatas dog owners.
717 00:36:17 -[high-pitched ringing]-[people screaming and laughing]
718 00:36:22 [Draper] They actually have 18 musclesin their ears that are used for hearing.
719 00:36:26 -[people screaming]-[heavy bass beat playing]
720 00:36:30 [carousel music playing]
721 00:36:32 [Draper] You may feellike it's a quiet day,
722 00:36:34 but he's hearing this loud soundfrom over here,
723 00:36:37 -this weird sound from over here…-[people scream]
724 00:36:39 [bell ringing]
725 00:36:41 …which is startling, particularlyif he doesn't know where it's coming from,
726 00:36:44 so you have to take that in consideration
727 00:36:47 when you're trying to trainand socialize them.
728 00:36:49 [Hutchinson] Peabody, down. Down.
729 00:36:52 Yes. Good boy.
730 00:36:54 Peabody is a very, very stable boy.
731 00:37:00 [Hutchinson laughs]
732 00:37:02 I don't think he's bothered.
733 00:37:04 We like to call 'em "bombproof" dogs.
734 00:37:07 I'm sure a bomb could probably go off15 feet away from him.
735 00:37:10 If he looked back…That's a big if, uh… [laughs]
736 00:37:15 …he would be unfazed.
737 00:37:17 [snores]
738 00:37:19 [Hutchinson] That isa very strong quality,
739 00:37:23 especially when we find the person
740 00:37:25 that could really benefitfrom a dog like this.
741 00:37:29 [narrator] The more they learnabout how the dogs behave,
742 00:37:31 the better match they can makewhen it's time to pair them with a human.
743 00:37:35 [people screaming]
744 00:37:40 Bonus, I wouldn't put himnext to a rollercoaster necessarily.
745 00:37:45 Bonus, let's go.
746 00:37:45 He's slightly more noise sensitive.
747 00:37:53 We are taking Bonus to a restaurant.There's gonna be a lot of people.
748 00:37:59 They're probablygoing to pay a lot of attention
749 00:38:01 to the fact that,"Oh my goodness, there's a dog here."
750 00:38:04 Not to mention, he's super handsome.
751 00:38:07 Oh.
752 00:38:08 Come on, buddy.
753 00:38:10 He has to ignore the distractions
754 00:38:12 when he's out in the real worldwith his person.
755 00:38:16 There's going to be trays passing along,food on the floor.
756 00:38:21 What I'm looking for is
757 00:38:23 is he gonna be restless while we're diningand having a meal and he's not?
758 00:38:28 All right, buddy. Sit.
759 00:38:31 Good job, buddy. Good job, buddy.
760 00:38:34 Bonus, under.
761 00:38:35 We consider dogs to bean extension of a person.
762 00:38:38 Yay. A little bit more.
763 00:38:40 Which is why positioningfor different things is super important.
764 00:38:44 If he's neatly tucked away under a table,or he's under a chair,
765 00:38:48 he's going to be safe.
766 00:38:49 He's not gonna get stepped on.
767 00:38:52 [narrator] Once in position,Bonus is at ease.
768 00:38:56 -[sniffing]-Until the steak comes out.
769 00:38:59 [tense music playing]
770 00:39:02 [Hutchinson] We don't want our dogsgoing after food that's on the ground.
771 00:39:06 They might think a pill is food.It may be toxic.
772 00:39:10 Nope, nope, nope.
773 00:39:12 Good.
774 00:39:13 It takes a lot of self-control for a dog
775 00:39:15 not to eat a piece of steakin front of 'em.
776 00:39:19 These guys want it.There's no denying that.
777 00:39:24 Yes, good job. Hi, buddy.
778 00:39:27 Eye contact is super important.
779 00:39:29 He's turning away a little bit.
780 00:39:31 Yes. Good boy.
781 00:39:33 [sniffs]
782 00:39:34 We use it as a tool of reinforcement.
783 00:39:37 Good boy. Nice job.
784 00:39:41 A dog that checks in can getpositive feedback from the handler.
785 00:39:45 "Hey, you're doing the right thing."
786 00:39:47 Good.
787 00:39:50 Good boy. Yes.
788 00:39:53 [narrator] When humans aren't involved,
789 00:39:55 dogs use eye contactin a very different way.
790 00:39:58 [sheep bleating]
791 00:39:59 Border Collies use "the eye"to control sheep.
792 00:40:04 The hard stare mimics hunting,
793 00:40:08 so the sheep flock together
794 00:40:12 and move to the dog's will.
795 00:40:17 Wolves do the same,
796 00:40:19 but they finish the job.
797 00:40:21 [wolf growls]
798 00:40:24 Canine vision evolvedto find and track prey.
799 00:40:31 Rods help see in poorly lit, dark areas.
800 00:40:35 Dogs have more rods. Because of that,they have better night vision than we do.
801 00:40:40 And dogs also have a reflective layeron the back of their eyes
802 00:40:45 called the tapetum lucidum.
803 00:40:47 Light will reflect on it and actas a flashlight in poorly-lit situations.
804 00:40:54 Cones are what allow us to see colors,
805 00:40:57 and humans havethree different types of cones.
806 00:40:59 Dogs only have two, so dogs don't seecertain colors that we do.
807 00:41:04 They just only seein hues of yellow, blue, grayish-brown.
808 00:41:10 They're much better at thingsthat are actually moving.
809 00:41:19 We think that the world'sa little blurrier than what our world is.
810 00:41:25 They definitely rely on vision,
811 00:41:29 but they can live without it.
812 00:41:33 Dogs are built to smell the world.
813 00:41:36 I like to use the phrasethat dogs smell in color
814 00:41:41 because it kinda gives us somethingthat we can relate to
815 00:41:44 because we use visionas our primary sense.
816 00:41:47 [Hutchinson] Nemo.Let's go, buddy. We got this.
817 00:41:51 [narrator] Dogs also smellin three dimensions.
818 00:41:55 They can make a spatial map of a roomusing just their nose.
819 00:42:01 [sniffing]
820 00:42:03 [Hutchinson] Supermarkets arevery tempting, challenging places
821 00:42:07 where food is often at dog level.
822 00:42:11 There's meat, and there's fish,and there's produce,
823 00:42:15 and there's all kinds of things,but forget about all of that.
824 00:42:19 [narrator] A dog's nose can detectmillions of different smells.
825 00:42:23 It even knowsif their owner was here… yesterday.
826 00:42:27 [sniffing]
827 00:42:28 The challenge for Nemo,keep his focus on the trainer,
828 00:42:32 not the food.
829 00:42:33 [Hutchinson] Oops. Nemo. Yeah.
830 00:42:35 You'll get your food later, kiddo.Let's go.
831 00:42:39 It's a little bit of a challengewith Nemo,
832 00:42:42 especially in aislesof smelly, wonderful things
833 00:42:46 that any dogwould love to sink their teeth into.
834 00:42:50 It's very easy for Nemoto veer off and want to sniff.
835 00:42:56 No fish. Come on, buddy.
836 00:42:58 So what I'm looking foris that Nemo keeps his attention on me,
837 00:43:02 because in the real world,his person is going to need him
838 00:43:05 regardless of what is going on.
839 00:43:09 [narrator] While not every dogis welcome in a supermarket,
840 00:43:12 every dog can benefitfrom learning to control their impulses.
841 00:43:18 [man] Yo, that dog's totally gonna stealthat guy's pizza.
842 00:43:21 [women laughing]
843 00:43:25 The anatomy of a dog's nose
844 00:43:27 is designed to allow the dogto experience the world through odor.
845 00:43:33 [sniffs]
846 00:43:34 The nostrils themselves are designedso that about 10 to 15% of this air
847 00:43:40 goes directly to what we callthe olfactory epithelium,
848 00:43:43 the part of the nosethat receives information about odor.
849 00:43:47 It's a labyrinth.
850 00:43:48 There are just huge amountsof nooks and crannies
851 00:43:51 where all of these little cellsthat capture odor are sitting.
852 00:43:57 The dog has more types of these cellsthan humans do,
853 00:44:01 a higher density of these cells,and a higher absolute number.
854 00:44:05 That information is processedin their cortex.
855 00:44:10 When they exhale, it goes out to the sidesthrough the little slits,
856 00:44:13 and that's a really important component
857 00:44:15 'cause they can breathe and smellall at the same time.
858 00:44:18 [sniffs, grunts]
859 00:44:20 [woman] Search.
860 00:44:22 [narrator] This remarkable nosecan also be used to save a life.
861 00:44:25 [sniffing]
862 00:44:27 [clicks clicker] Yay-hay-hay-hay!
863 00:44:29 So we have several tools that we usewhen we're training a dog.
864 00:44:34 We have the scent wall.
865 00:44:38 So these are just ports.
866 00:44:40 On the back side,we can insert the source of the odor,
867 00:44:44 and the dog will have to learnto very systematically search that wall
868 00:44:50 to identify where the odor is.
869 00:44:53 That translates to how they will search
870 00:44:56 to identify contraband or hazardthat might be out there.
871 00:45:01 From a training perspective,we put out what we call "distractors"
872 00:45:05 to see will it interfere with their focus
873 00:45:08 so that it actually diminishestheir ability to use their nose
874 00:45:12 because they're distracted?
875 00:45:19 [woman clicks clicker]Good boy! Wa-ha-haw!
876 00:45:22 [Otto] When we think about our dogs,
877 00:45:24 we really think of themas being extraordinary.
878 00:45:27 And the thing that stops my heartevery time I see it
879 00:45:31 is when a dog goes outinto the rubble pile…
880 00:45:36 and can see that there's masses of people
881 00:45:38 working and standingand on that rubble pile.
882 00:45:44 And they go,"Okay, you, you, you, you're all fine,
883 00:45:47 but I smell somebody else."
884 00:45:51 And they can't see them.
885 00:45:53 [barking]
886 00:45:58 [barking]
887 00:45:59 [Otto] How they can finda concealed person,
888 00:46:03 someone who would,in a real disaster situation, be trapped…
889 00:46:07 -[barking]-[Otto] …is just mind-blowing.
890 00:46:10 [barking]
891 00:46:12 [barking]
892 00:46:13 [woman] Yes! Woo-hoo-hoo!
893 00:46:15 We don't have any equipmentthat can match the dog's ability,
894 00:46:20 their speed, and their accuracyin finding these concealed people
895 00:46:24 whose lives really dependon being found quickly.
896 00:46:28 [barking]
897 00:46:30 And that is a superpower.
898 00:46:32 [reporter]When the 7.8 magnitude earthquake
899 00:46:34 rocked Turkey and Syria,
900 00:46:37 Colin the Collie, a member of the UK'sInternational Search and Rescue Team,
901 00:46:41 spent ten daysin one of Turkey's hardest-hit areas.
902 00:46:45 Dogs are responsiblefor 11 successful rescues.
903 00:46:50 [Otto] Dogs have been used for scent workfor centuries,
904 00:46:54 but it's only been more recentlythat dogs have been used
905 00:46:58 to help us identify odorsassociated with disease.
906 00:47:02 Cancer is probably the one diseasethat has received the most attention.
907 00:47:08 All right, Amritha,what do we have Osa doing today?
908 00:47:10 So Osa is going to findour cancer-detection training odor
909 00:47:14 on our eight-port scent-detection wheel,
910 00:47:17 the same wheel we usefor our Covid-detection studies.
911 00:47:21 -[woman] Ready, Osa?-[yips]
912 00:47:22 [woman] Search!
913 00:47:24 [Otto] With cancer detection, we takea blood sample from a person with cancer.
914 00:47:29 We ask the dog first to sniff that sample.
915 00:47:31 -And then we click a little clicker…-[clicker clicks]
916 00:47:34 -Good girl!-[Otto] …and they get a treat.
917 00:47:35 -Nice job, Oss!-[Otto] We do that a couple of times.
918 00:47:38 Then, all of a sudden,there's another sample,
919 00:47:40 and here's that healthy patient.
920 00:47:42 When they put their nose on the samplethat is not from the patient with cancer,
921 00:47:46 they don't get their reward.
922 00:47:48 [woman] Ready, Osa? Search.
923 00:47:51 [Otto] The dogs are constantly processingthe information, they're adapting,
924 00:47:55 and they're able to parse outthe relevant odors
925 00:47:59 and recognize that this is the cancer.
926 00:48:02 -[clicker clicks]-[woman] Good girl!
927 00:48:04 Yes. Good job, Osa.
928 00:48:07 Even if people have a different diet,come from different ethnic backgrounds,
929 00:48:10 if they're from a different geography,
930 00:48:12 a lot of times,the machines get confused by that.
931 00:48:16 -[sniffing]-[clicker clicks]
932 00:48:17 -[woman 1] Good girl.-[woman 2] Good job.
933 00:48:19 So there's something very amazingabout the dog's brain
934 00:48:22 and their processing ability.
935 00:48:24 [panting]
936 00:48:25 So what happensif there's no target odor in the wheels?
937 00:48:28 So if the wheel doesn't containany target substance,
938 00:48:31 what they do is they will jumpon this platform right here,
939 00:48:35 and they'll sit,
940 00:48:36 and that tells us that they have sniffedall of the samples on the wheel,
941 00:48:40 and they don't believeany of them to be the target sample.
942 00:48:43 -So like an all-clear signal.-Mm-hmm.
943 00:48:45 [sniffing]
944 00:48:46 [Amritha] Diseases like cancerhave really low incidence rates,
945 00:48:49 so we want to make sure
946 00:48:50 that the dogs are willing to passa lot of negative samples.
947 00:49:03 -[clicker clicks]-[woman] Good girl.
948 00:49:05 [laughter]
949 00:49:06 [woman] Good job.
950 00:49:07 [laughter continues]
951 00:49:10 [narrator] Dogs can smell cancer,diabetes, even Parkinson's.
952 00:49:17 They can smell our mood.
953 00:49:20 Adrenaline.
954 00:49:21 They can even smell our stress.
955 00:49:24 Being able to pick upon such minute changes is a superpower.
956 00:49:30 She came up and put her nose on my belly,
957 00:49:33 and I knew in my gutthat something was wrong.
958 00:49:39 Sierra was telling meI had ovarian cancer.
959 00:49:43 I believe she saved my life.
960 00:49:47 [Hecht] We all experience attachment bondswith the dogs in our households.
961 00:49:51 Dogs are bonded to us.We're bonded to them.
962 00:49:54 At Harvard University, we're lookingat the formation of attachment bonds
963 00:49:58 between dogs and children.
964 00:50:01 [narrator] Turns out our bondis more than just skin deep.
965 00:50:05 Cortisol is a hormone that bodies releaseduring stressful experiences.
966 00:50:11 When people havean attachment bond with a dog,
967 00:50:13 the presence of that bonded partnercan buffer that bump in cortisol
968 00:50:18 that occurs during a stressful event.
969 00:50:20 Interactions between dogs and humans
970 00:50:22 also cause release of a hormonecalled oxytocin in both species.
971 00:50:28 This is a hormone that is involvedin the formation of social bonds
972 00:50:32 and the feeling of positive interactionswith an attachment partner.
973 00:50:37 [narrator] Dogs createattachment bonds with us
974 00:50:39 as if they themselves are humans.
975 00:50:44 At Canine Companions,
976 00:50:46 this attachment bond is the keyto making a successful match.
977 00:50:51 [woman] Dress.
978 00:50:52 [narrator] The dogs have masteredthe basics in the classroom
979 00:50:55 and taken what they've learnedinto the real world.
980 00:51:00 Now the trainers have decided that sevenof the 11 dogs in the current class
981 00:51:05 have passed stage two.
982 00:51:08 They're ready to move on to the finaland most important stage,
983 00:51:12 building a bond with someone in need.
984 00:51:15 [woman] All right, guys,welcome to pre-matches.
985 00:51:18 All of the trainers have met together,talked about the dogs, their puppyhood,
986 00:51:22 everything that you guys have given us,
987 00:51:24 and we have made our best guesses
988 00:51:26 of what dog will be best pre-matchedwith you guys.
989 00:51:30 [narrator] Seven potential recipientsfrom all over the Northeast
990 00:51:34 have been invited to Canine Companionsto meet these seven dogs.
991 00:51:38 All the trainers have been together…
992 00:51:40 [narrator] If the dog and the personcan form an attachment bond,
993 00:51:44 they will go home together.
994 00:51:48 It can take timefor a dog to adjust to a new owner,
995 00:51:51 but kindness and consistencyhelp ease the transition.
996 00:51:57 This is the beginningof your relationship,
997 00:52:00 so please remember to keepyour expectations and consistency
998 00:52:03 as you continue to work with your dog.
999 00:52:06 No googly eyes at the dogs next to you.
1000 00:52:09 Please give everything, all of your all,to the dog that's in front of you.
1001 00:52:12 We want the relationship to start now.
1002 00:52:16 All right, are we ready?
1003 00:52:18 -[man] Yeah.-[girl] Yes.
1004 00:52:19 [woman] Awesome.
1005 00:52:21 James, you have been pre-matchedwith black Lab-golden cross, Biro.
1006 00:52:27 -[man] All right.-[cheering and applause]
1007 00:52:29 [woman laughs]
1008 00:52:31 [woman] You can hold that leash.
1009 00:52:34 [gentle, emotive music playing]
1010 00:52:40 [woman] Christy, you have been matchedwith Goldie the Fifth.
1011 00:52:43 [applause]
1012 00:52:53 -[laughter]-[woman] Aww.
1013 00:52:56 [girl] Doggy kisses.
1014 00:53:01 [woman] And Jaz,we didn't forget about you!
1015 00:53:04 You've been matchedwith yellow Lab-golden cross, Bonus.
1016 00:53:07 [man] Bonus.
1017 00:53:09 -[cheering and applause]-[woman laughs]
1018 00:53:15 Thank you. Sure.
1019 00:53:17 Hi, Bonus!
1020 00:53:21 [laughing]
1021 00:53:23 [woman] Congratulations, everybody.
1022 00:53:24 You can take a few minutes.Go ahead and love on those dogs.
1023 00:53:28 [man] Who is that?
1024 00:53:29 Can you say "Bonus"?
1025 00:53:31 Bonus.
1026 00:53:32 -[Sandy] You can say Bonus.-[man] All right.
1027 00:53:34 Good job.
1028 00:53:36 And action!
1029 00:53:38 Yeah boy!
1030 00:53:42 Mother and dad.
1031 00:53:45 This is my mom and dad.
1032 00:53:47 -Tell us a little bit about Jazzy.-B… uh, b…
1033 00:53:52 'Cause she's kind ofa knucklehead sometimes.
1034 00:53:54 Oh, I…
1035 00:53:56 You're mean.
1036 00:53:57 -[laughs]-My dad.
1037 00:54:00 [Jazmin's dad] So Jaz, actually,when she was born,
1038 00:54:03 we had complications from day one.
1039 00:54:06 And she spent a lot of time in the NICU.
1040 00:54:11 -She has trouble with talking.-Hi.
1041 00:54:15 She can say, "Hi."
1042 00:54:16 She comprehends everything.
1043 00:54:19 Humor, sarcasm, she gets it all,
1044 00:54:22 but her ability to communicate to youis a challenge.
1045 00:54:25 She needs a dog. She has to have a dog.
1046 00:54:27 It is one of those imperativesfor her life.
1047 00:54:29 [indistinct chattering]
1048 00:54:31 [girl laughing]
1049 00:54:34 [narrator] The dogsthat didn't get picked…
1050 00:54:38 will still have a chance to change lives.
1051 00:54:43 [Hutchinson] We have decided, unanimously,
1052 00:54:45 that Mr. Peabody will do very, very well
1053 00:54:50 with a veteran who has PTSD.
1054 00:54:55 A steady, calming presenceis the type of work he enjoys,
1055 00:55:02 is the type of workthat he has excelled at.
1056 00:55:06 Let's go.
1057 00:55:08 And that's the best fit for him.
1058 00:55:13 [laughs]
1059 00:55:15 [narrator] As for Nemo,he's cut out for something different.
1060 00:55:18 Nemo, no.
1061 00:55:19 We definitely don't call it failingbecause these dogs are amazing.
1062 00:55:24 But Nemo,he didn't make it through our program.
1063 00:55:27 -[barks]-No.
1064 00:55:29 So we give him the opportunityto live a different life.
1065 00:55:33 He's gonna make one heck of a pet dog.
1066 00:55:36 The puppy raiser, the family that putall their time and love into them
1067 00:55:40 for the first year and a halfof their lives,
1068 00:55:42 they have the opportunityto adopt the dog back.
1069 00:55:46 [bright music playing]
1070 00:55:51 -Hey, Nemo!-Nemo!
1071 00:55:54 How ya doing, puppy? Huh?
1072 00:55:58 [narrator] Adopting a sweet boy like Nemois a no-brainer.
1073 00:56:03 [man exclaims]
1074 00:56:05 How have you guys been?
1075 00:56:09 [female owner] I know.It's so exciting. It's so exciting.
1076 00:56:13 [woman] We are actually gonna goright into our first practice of the day,
1077 00:56:18 and we're gonna start to workwith these dogs and build the bond. Okay?
1078 00:56:22 [narrator] For the dogs that are matched,it's two intensive weeks.
1079 00:56:26 Mark with that "yes" when he looks at Jaz.
1080 00:56:29 -Bonus.-Yes.
1081 00:56:31 [Jazmin] Here.
1082 00:56:32 [narrator] In order for Bonusto go home with Jazmin,
1083 00:56:35 they need to build a bond by graduation.
1084 00:56:37 Look him in the eye there.
1085 00:56:39 -Bonus.-Yes.
1086 00:56:40 [narrator] The best way to nurtureany new relationship,
1087 00:56:43 stay positive and learn to communicate.
1088 00:56:47 When you want a dog to be consistent,reliable, be your partner…
1089 00:56:53 We literally make partnerships.
1090 00:56:56 Good boy. Good boy.
1091 00:56:58 Really nice.
1092 00:56:59 [Hutchinson] Communication isextraordinarily important.
1093 00:57:03 He might not knowhe's communicating to you,
1094 00:57:05 but he's always communicating to you.
1095 00:57:08 For us to communicate to the dog,we've gotta learn how to talk dog,
1096 00:57:11 and that's how this whole program works.
1097 00:57:15 [narrator] Now researchersare studying to see
1098 00:57:17 if dogs can actually learn to talk human.
1099 00:57:21 [automated voice] Play.
1100 00:57:23 [woman] Okay, we'll play.
1101 00:57:25 When you communicate with somebodyof another species, it's mind blowing.
1102 00:57:28 Imagine if you hadto communicate to a turtle.
1103 00:57:30 Like, I wouldn't even start imaginingwhat it means to communicate with them.
1104 00:57:35 [automated voice] Scritches.
1105 00:57:36 [woman] You want some scritches?
1106 00:57:37 Yeah, there you go.There's some scritches.
1107 00:57:40 [Rossano] I'm trying to train petsto learn symbols, words,
1108 00:57:45 as a window into their minds,
1109 00:57:47 so that we can learn somethingabout what they're thinking, experiencing,
1110 00:57:51 and able to communicateabout their emotions too.
1111 00:57:53 Hey.
1112 00:57:56 [dog whimpers]
1113 00:57:57 [robotic voice]
1114 00:58:02 The devices that we use for this studyare an adaptation of devices
1115 00:58:05 that are being usedwith nonverbal humans for a long time,
1116 00:58:09 and we call it augmented interspeciescommunication devices.
1117 00:58:12 -[automated voice] Pea… Pea… Peanut.-[woman] Mm-hmm.
1118 00:58:14 -[automated voice] Peanut. Peanut.-[yips]
1119 00:58:16 [Rossano] There's been research,for example, with primates
1120 00:58:19 with a similar device called a lexigram,
1121 00:58:22 where you have symbols that when you push,they'll produce a sound or a word
1122 00:58:26 that humans can understand.
1123 00:58:27 But usually, the studies are conductedwith one or two individuals.
1124 00:58:32 We have 10,000 dogs from 47 countries.
1125 00:58:35 The ones who have the most buttonsare around 150.
1126 00:58:39 They've been in the studya couple of years.
1127 00:58:42 -[automated voice] Snuffle mat.-[woman] You want your snuffle mat? Okay.
1128 00:58:45 [woman] Parker's two and a half years old,
1129 00:58:47 and she has been usingthe buttons to communicate
1130 00:58:50 for almost two years,since she was six months old.
1131 00:58:53 These are the buttons that Parker uses.
1132 00:58:57 So each of them have,like, a little design.
1133 00:59:00 And when you press it,the audio comes from the base there
1134 00:59:03 that it's Bluetooth linked to.
1135 00:59:06 [automated voice] Outside.
1136 00:59:08 Parker both will ask me questionsand respond to questions
1137 00:59:12 that I ask hereither verbally or using the buttons.
1138 00:59:15 [automated voice] What Parker want? Hmm?
1139 00:59:20 Stick.
1140 00:59:21 [woman] Yeah! Okay, more stick.
1141 00:59:23 The way that she uses it as a meansto communicate with me in a deeper way
1142 00:59:28 really accentuatesour relationship overall.
1143 00:59:31 [automated voice]
1144 00:59:33 [woman]
1145 00:59:35 I think you can get caught upin, like, "Oh, dog people are crazy."
1146 00:59:38 "They just think dogs are little people."
1147 00:59:40 But, yeah, just imaginebeing a scientist for a minute.
1148 00:59:44 [automated voice]
1149 00:59:47 [Hare] And you're trying to understandhow non-human animals think.
1150 00:59:52 And so the question is now becoming,
1151 00:59:54 "Well, how sophisticatedis their communication gonna become
1152 00:59:57 now that they've got this new wayto talk to their human family members?"
1153 01:00:01 So I don't know!We're gonna see what's possible here.
1154 01:00:04 It's gonna be fun.
1155 01:00:05 [siren wails]
1156 01:00:07 [automated voice]
1157 01:00:09 [Rossano] Trying to combinethree, four buttons,
1158 01:00:12 they can produce a sentenceto communicate novel concepts.
1159 01:00:18 That's the thingthat fascinates me the most.
1160 01:00:21 [automated voice]
1161 01:00:22 [woman 1] He says, "Shut up.I want to take a nap."
1162 01:00:25 [laughter]
1163 01:00:29 [woman 2] Fashion is my first dog.
1164 01:00:31 We've been doing this for three years now.
1165 01:00:33 As far as the buttons are concerned,
1166 01:00:35 I definitely think that they have helpedbuild our relationship.
1167 01:00:39 I really thinkthat there's a level of validation
1168 01:00:43 in my understandingof what I already think he wants,
1169 01:00:46 and just that communicationbecause of these words.
1170 01:00:51 I have a one-year-old as well.
1171 01:00:53 And for a long time,was just crying whenever he wasn't happy.
1172 01:00:57 But now he can tell me"water" and "cracker"
1173 01:01:01 and "Mama" and "Dada,"and so can call for help.
1174 01:01:05 Those five, six wordsalready have changed my life.
1175 01:01:09 Imagine having 200 words.
1176 01:01:11 That's the thing that excites me.
1177 01:01:12 It's like, if we can get a little windowinto a dog's mind,
1178 01:01:16 that would be fantastic.
1179 01:01:19 [narrator] The average dogcan learn 165 words.
1180 01:01:22 [dog whimpers]
1181 01:01:24 The smartest dog on record, Chaser,knew more than a thousand words.
1182 01:01:30 I think that the types of intelligencethat different dogs have can really vary,
1183 01:01:35 just like different peoplehave different types of intelligence.
1184 01:01:39 [woman] Sailor, what happened?Sailor, what happened?
1185 01:01:43 Sailor.
1186 01:01:44 Sailor, what happened?
1187 01:01:46 I don't know if I'd call any dogs dumb.That doesn't seem quite fair. [laughs]
1188 01:01:55 [narrator] Smart or not,all dogs do some unusual things.
1189 01:02:01 Puppies often chase their tail becausethey don't know it's a part of them.
1190 01:02:06 Some experts believethat dogs like to poop facing north.
1191 01:02:12 Scientists believe dogs do dream…
1192 01:02:14 -[dog barks]-[narrator] …often about their owner.
1193 01:02:19 [woman] Daisy, are you dreaming?
1194 01:02:21 [laughter]
1195 01:02:24 [narrator] Researchers at Harvardare working to decode
1196 01:02:26 why dogs do the things they do.
1197 01:02:31 [Hecht] We're trying to find outwhat's going on inside dogs' minds
1198 01:02:34 through a combinationof behavior testing and also MRI scans.
1199 01:02:38 [gentle music playing]
1200 01:02:41 [machine beeping]
1201 01:02:49 [Hecht] So this is the hypothalamus.
1202 01:02:52 The hypothalamus is a brain region
1203 01:02:54 that is involved in, um,what we think of as the four Fs.
1204 01:02:58 Feeding,
1205 01:02:59 fighting,
1206 01:03:00 fleeing,
1207 01:03:02 and reproduction.
1208 01:03:03 And it's crucially involvedin the flight-or-fight response.
1209 01:03:07 [narrator] This brain regionalso helps determine personality,
1210 01:03:10 why some dogs are fearlessand others timid.
1211 01:03:14 [Hecht] Along with MRI studies,our life-experiences study
1212 01:03:18 is looking at the effectsof early-life stress in dogs.
1213 01:03:23 Our preliminary results indicateearly-life stress
1214 01:03:26 does influence fear and aggressionbehavior later in life in dogs.
1215 01:03:30 Dogs definitely experience anxiety.
1216 01:03:32 [dog whines]
1217 01:03:35 [narrator] As many as 70% of dogssuffer some form of anxiety.
1218 01:03:40 It can come from early life experience.
1219 01:03:44 And sometimes you're just born with it.
1220 01:03:47 [Hecht] A state of stress or worry or fearis a very primal, ancestral emotion.
1221 01:03:53 I think anybody that has a dog probablyhas experienced their dog feeling anxious,
1222 01:03:57 and it's easy to interpret and empathize.
1223 01:04:02 [narrator] One of the most commoncanine anxieties happens when we leave.
1224 01:04:08 -If you could ask her to stay in here.-Townsend, sit.
1225 01:04:11 [Hecht] We do a behavior testwhere the owner leaves the room,
1226 01:04:13 so the dog is left alone.
1227 01:04:16 If the dog experiences separation anxiety,
1228 01:04:19 it's probably going to come outin that situation.
1229 01:04:22 And so we watch the dog carefully,
1230 01:04:24 and if it seems like they're startingto show signs of distress,
1231 01:04:27 we have the owner go back.
1232 01:04:29 Some dogs are completely mellow.
1233 01:04:30 They might sniff aroundor maybe curl up and take a nap.
1234 01:04:33 And, um, other dogs reallyare, you know, barking or howling
1235 01:04:36 or scratching at the door.
1236 01:04:39 I think this kind of gives us a windowinto what dogs are doing
1237 01:04:42 when we're not there.
1238 01:04:44 [narrator] Anxiety can causeaggression, depression,
1239 01:04:48 even destructive behavior.
1240 01:04:50 [growling]
1241 01:04:55 [panting]
1242 01:04:59 [narrator] Luckily,some of the same things
1243 01:05:01 that relieve stress in humans
1244 01:05:03 can also work for dogs.
1245 01:05:06 ["Flower Duet" by Delibes playing]
1246 01:05:13 [Hecht] There was one studythat looked at dogs' affective responses
1247 01:05:16 to classical musicand other types of music.
1248 01:05:21 Preliminary data suggested classical musicmight have a calming effect on dogs
1249 01:05:25 and rock musicmight have the opposite effect.
1250 01:05:29 I think this is an areawhere more research could be helpful.
1251 01:05:34 [narrator] Often, nothing relievesyour dog's anxiety more
1252 01:05:37 than you coming home.
1253 01:05:39 [barks]
1254 01:05:42 The more time you spend together,
1255 01:05:44 the stronger the attachment grows.
1256 01:05:47 [barking]
1257 01:05:53 [woman] All right,so I'm gonna start heading in.
1258 01:05:57 I'm gonna stop, say "Okay."
1259 01:05:58 As you go by, you're gonna do this,you're gonna that.
1260 01:06:01 [narrator] Jazmin and her familyhave spent the past two weeks with Bonus.
1261 01:06:05 It's time for them to take the final testand prove they've built a bond.
1262 01:06:12 Bonus, let's go.
1263 01:06:15 One of the challenging final exam tests
1264 01:06:17 is to walk the dogthrough an obstacle course
1265 01:06:21 with no leash, no nothing,just talking to the animal.
1266 01:06:24 Bonus, get.
1267 01:06:27 Get. Come on.
1268 01:06:30 There it is. Yes.
1269 01:06:31 Bonus, let's go.
1270 01:06:33 Bonus, jump.
1271 01:06:35 Yes.
1272 01:06:36 -[woman] Good job.-Give.
1273 01:06:37 -Good job.-[woman] Very good.
1274 01:06:38 Jaz, praise your dog if he's doing good.
1275 01:06:41 -Yeah!-Good boy.
1276 01:06:43 [woman] Booty scratches!
1277 01:06:44 -Very nice.-You ready?
1278 01:06:47 Bonus. [kisses] Tug.
1279 01:06:50 Come on. Come on.
1280 01:06:52 This. Tug.
1281 01:06:53 Come on.
1282 01:06:55 Whoops. Tug.
1283 01:06:58 [woman] Yeah, there you go, Jaz.
1284 01:07:01 -Yeah. Tug.-[Jazmin's dad] Tug.
1285 01:07:03 [woman] Yay! We'll take it.
1286 01:07:06 Bonus, push.
1287 01:07:07 -Good boy! Good boy!-[cheering and applause]
1288 01:07:12 Jaz, take a bow. [chuckles]
1289 01:07:14 [Sandy] He was phenomenal.
1290 01:07:17 He absolutely knows his job,and he absolutely knows us
1291 01:07:20 because he stuck with you guysthe whole time.
1292 01:07:22 Yeah.
1293 01:07:22 -Just give him a little kissy.-[Jazmin] Mmmm!
1294 01:07:25 [laughter]
1295 01:07:26 [narrator] It's official.Bonus has passed.
1296 01:07:32 But before he's done,there's one last symbolic moment.
1297 01:07:37 [Hutchinson] Before graduation,the dogs see the puppy raiser
1298 01:07:40 who loved themfor a year and a half of their lives
1299 01:07:44 so they can get some quality time.
1300 01:07:47 Hi, Bonus!
1301 01:07:50 -Hi, baby!-[woman 1] Who's that?
1302 01:07:54 Oh, yes.
1303 01:07:56 Oh, my buddy. I missed you.
1304 01:07:58 [Hutchinson] They're still dogsat the end of the day.
1305 01:08:00 They have a past. They have history.
1306 01:08:03 [woman 2] Come here, Berkley!
1307 01:08:04 Hey! Berkley, it's me!
1308 01:08:07 [Hare] The stories of the soldiercoming home after years.
1309 01:08:11 [woman 3] Zeke, go look who's here.
1310 01:08:15 [Hare] You know, we all wanna know…
1311 01:08:16 [dog barks]
1312 01:08:18 …does the dog remember?
1313 01:08:20 [barking]
1314 01:08:21 [woman 2] Hey, Berkley, it's me.
1315 01:08:23 Usually, it takes them a second or twoto, "Is this right? Is this…?"
1316 01:08:27 [barks]
1317 01:08:28 It's me. It's…
1318 01:08:30 [Hare] And best evidence is…
1319 01:08:32 Look, it's me.
1320 01:08:33 [Hare] …they do.
1321 01:08:34 Yeah!
1322 01:08:36 [laughs]
1323 01:08:37 Then they go berserk.
1324 01:08:39 [woman 2] Hi!
1325 01:08:40 [man 1] Now he knows ya. Now he knows ya.
1326 01:08:43 Hi, Ruthie!
1327 01:08:45 [man 2] Hey! Come here.
1328 01:08:48 [woman 4 laughing]
1329 01:08:52 [woman 5 squeals]
1330 01:08:55 [Hare] Dogs certainly can rememberwhat different dogs
1331 01:08:59 that they've encounteredearly in their life smell like for years,
1332 01:09:02 and people too.
1333 01:09:03 [speaking indistinctly]
1334 01:09:07 [narrator] Our bond is unlikeany interspecies relationship on Earth.
1335 01:09:11 Yay.
1336 01:09:12 [narrator] But do they actually love us?
1337 01:09:15 Yeah, I think dogs love us. Um…
1338 01:09:17 I think that dogs' experience of love
1339 01:09:19 might be differentthan the human experience of love.
1340 01:09:22 [baby cries]
1341 01:09:23 [Hecht] Dogs show some formof emotional contagion.
1342 01:09:26 They can respond appropriately
1343 01:09:28 to the emotions of other individualsin their social group.
1344 01:09:36 [Woods] They're family.They absolutely love you.
1345 01:09:39 [girl sobs]
1346 01:09:41 [Woods] That's whythey're doing that weird eye thing
1347 01:09:44 when they're just kind of staring at you.
1348 01:09:46 They're just hugging you with their eyes.
1349 01:09:49 That interspecies connectednessis, like, quite amazing.
1350 01:09:53 So, absolutely, they love us.
1351 01:09:55 [Hutchinson] I thinkthat with the right relationship,
1352 01:09:59 if a dog feels safe,confident around its human,
1353 01:10:04 if a dog becomes happywhen they see their human,
1354 01:10:07 if a dog enjoys petting from their human,
1355 01:10:12 eh, I can call that love.
1356 01:10:13 That's how I love people.
1357 01:10:15 I'll call that love.
1358 01:10:19 On behalf of Team Bonus, my wife,and the entire graduating class,
1359 01:10:23 we truly wanna say thank you to everyone.
1360 01:10:27 You know, nine years ago,we were here with Jazmin,
1361 01:10:30 and she could barely talk.
1362 01:10:32 She never engaged with anybody.
1363 01:10:35 And that was when we met our first dog.
1364 01:10:38 And it has madeall the difference in the world.
1365 01:10:43 Every day I see her strength and patience
1366 01:10:46 and her incredible spirit…
1367 01:10:57 …and her incredible spiritthat lifts up everyone she meets.
1368 01:11:02 It's why you puppy raisers do it.
1369 01:11:04 It's what is so specialabout this entire program.
1370 01:11:07 [cheering and applause]
1371 01:11:13 These dogs change familiesin unimaginable ways.
1372 01:11:15 [applause]
1373 01:11:20 [Jazmin's dad] Good boy. Bonus, sit.
1374 01:11:27 [automated voice] I love Bonus.
1375 01:11:29 Nice.
1376 01:11:31 So when you realize how amazing dogs areand all that they do for us…
1377 01:11:35 Here, boy.
1378 01:11:37 [Hare] …the question then becomes,"Well, what could we do to be better?"
1379 01:11:42 What we can learn about dogsis it's better to be friendly.
1380 01:11:45 [woman] Hi! You're so cute.
1381 01:11:49 [Woods] It meanssurvival of the friendliest
1382 01:11:51 is a very powerful strategy.
1383 01:11:53 [woman] Yeah!
1384 01:11:54 [Woods] Dogs will accept you no matterwho you are or where you come from,
1385 01:11:57 and they have bridgedan entire species divide.
1386 01:12:01 ♪ Oh, the happy dog ♪
1387 01:12:03 [Woods] And they can live with usin perfect harmony.
1388 01:12:08 Dogs are such a great exampleof what true acceptance looks like.
1389 01:12:12 That is gospel truth.You don't need science to know that.
1390 01:12:20 [upbeat music playing]
1391 01:12:49 Buddy.
1392 01:12:50 [girls screaming and exclaiming]
1393 01:13:01 [Draper] I just wanna be a French bulldog.I wanna lay around and eat,
1394 01:13:05 and go out and poo,then come back and lay down in the sun
1395 01:13:08 and have somebody pet me for aboutfive minutes and then leave me alone.
1396 01:13:11 If I'm a French bulldog,I'll figure it out.
