与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞.S05E02(CN)Subtitles
| SRT Subtitles download |
1 00:00:01 “运气”也许是宇宙中最神秘Luck may be the most
2 00:00:05 最变幻莫测的力量。in the universe.
3 00:00:08 但运气到底是什么?But what exactly is luck?
4 00:00:11 为什么有人可以彩票中奖两次,Why do some of us
5 00:00:14 而有的人却无端的厄运上身?while others have bad luck
6 00:00:18 这些奇怪的巧合与难以置信的曲折命运背后
7 00:00:21 到底隐藏了什么?and incredible twists of fate?
8 00:00:24 是随机事件决定了我们的命运?Does random chance
9 00:00:27 还是物理定律预先注定了一切?Or is every roll of the dice
10 00:00:32 科学家正在试着证明Scientists are trying
11 00:00:35 运气究竟是否真的存在。to prove whether or not
12 00:00:44 空间,时间,生命本身。Space, time, life itself.
13 00:00:51 宇宙的奥秘尽在穿越虫洞。The secrets of the cosmos
14 00:00:55 Translated by Allegro1756Subtitles by MemoryOnSmells
15 00:01:08 你是如何成为现在的生活状态的? How did you get
16 00:01:12 也许是因为你努力工作,Maybe you struggled
17 00:01:15 也许是你继承了一笔财产Or maybe you inherited a fortune
18 00:01:17 于是根本没工作过。and never worked a day
19 00:01:20 有些事超出了我们的控制。Some things
20 00:01:24 宇宙已经为我们每个人订好了计划吗?
21 00:01:28 还是所谓的命运是随机事件的产物?
22 00:01:32 是我们自己成就了运气,Do we make our own luck?
23 00:01:37 还是运气成就了我们?Or does luck make us?
24 00:01:43 小时候,When I was growing up,
25 00:01:45 孩子们会随身携带一个幸运兔脚。kids would carry
26 00:01:48 由于某种原因,我们相信For some reason, we believed
27 00:01:50 这些兔脚会给我们带来好运。these severed paws granted
28 00:01:56 它们有作用吗?Did they work?
29 00:01:58 也许吧。Well, maybe.
30 00:02:01 我已经把幸运兔脚弄丢很久了,I lost that rabbit's foot
31 00:02:06 也不再相信幸运符了,and my belief in lucky charms.
32 00:02:09 但对于小时候的我来说这可是件坏事。
33 00:02:17 在赌场中,你会发现Go to a casino, and you'll see
34 00:02:19 带有某些迷信色彩的数字any number
35 00:02:22 会让玩家用来祈求好运。performed by players
36 00:02:25 每个人都有祈求幸运的方法。Everyone has a strategy.
37 00:02:28 我首先会做个der voghormia的美式祈祷,First, I do a der voghormia,
38 00:02:32 然后用我儿子的生日作为幸运数字。and then I play
39 00:02:35 这些筹码必须全部正面向上。The chips all have to
40 00:02:38 这些方法的产生Rituals of good luck develop
41 00:02:41 是因为我们相信because we believe
42 00:02:43 我们做的事会影响自己的机会。that something we do
43 00:02:53 Sally Linkenauger,
44 00:02:55 是兰卡斯特大学的心理学讲师,a lecturer in psychology
45 00:02:59 她认为自己对好运的信念suspects believing you're lucky
46 00:03:01 的确会影响到自己的发挥。actually changes the way
47 00:03:06 她正在进行一系列的实验,She's conducting
48 00:03:09 来证明她的假设。to test her hypothesis.
49 00:03:12 我们做的就是So, what we did
50 00:03:14 把经常打高尔夫的人叫到一起,who played golf
51 00:03:16 告诉其中一半的人说他们使用的推杆
52 00:03:19 是一个著名高尔夫运动员用过的。that had belonged
53 00:03:21 其实这是Ben Curtis的推杆,So, this is actually
54 00:03:25 他是名职业高尔夫运动员,并赢得了2003年英国高尔夫公开赛的冠军。
55 00:03:28 接下来你要击10次球,So, I'm gonna have you
56 00:03:30 我们会看你的表现如何。and we'll see how you do.
57 00:03:36 而另一半的人则得到不同的消息。The other golfers
58 00:03:39 这是根非常好的推杆,All right, so,
59 00:03:41 我想让你们用它击10次球,I'd like you to use it
60 00:03:44 我们来看看你们的表现。and we'll see how you do.
61 00:03:47 你的预期结果应该是某一组As you'd expect
62 00:03:50 会比另一组的人打得好。some do better than others.
63 00:03:53 经过多次试验后,趋势产生了。
64 00:03:56 开始击球后,认为自己手里So, once they started putting,
65 00:04:00 拿的是Ben Curtis的推杆的人,they were using
66 00:04:02 比那些认为自己拿的只是一个好推杆的人made about a putt and a half
67 00:04:05 要少用一杆或半杆。than the group that thought they
68 00:04:10 高尔夫球棍并不是幸运物,The golf club isn't lucky.
69 00:04:14 而关键在于击球者自己What's real
70 00:04:17 是否认为手里的球棍能带来好运。in whether or not
71 00:04:19 Sally认为这种迷信Sally suspects
72 00:04:22 可以帮助人们应付混乱或压力。helps people cope with chaotic
73 00:04:27 对于压力来说,恰当的压力There's kind of a sweet spot in
74 00:04:30 可以使你表现的更有效率。that you need in order to
75 00:04:32 如果你的压力很小,If you have a small amount
76 00:04:34 你就不会认真对待,表现自然也就不会很好,
77 00:04:37 而太多的压力会使你崩溃。Too much pressure,
78 00:04:39 所以你希望自己的压力恰到好处,So you want to have the perfect, kind
79 00:04:42 当你做一项任务时and when you're performing
80 00:04:44 人们看着你,and people are watching you,
81 00:04:46 对于良好表现,你就会很有压力。people put a lot of pressure
82 00:04:49 而当运动员认为自己拿着幸运球杆时,But that pressure
83 00:04:51 压力会轻微减少。when a player is holding
84 00:04:55 我们认为当他们击球时,We think
85 00:04:57 他们感觉到的压力就会变少,they're offloading some
86 00:05:00 认为这个球杆会帮他们承担部分后果,This putter is gonna do
87 00:05:02 并不是完全依赖自己的技术。It's not all on them.
88 00:05:04 这种压力释放会让他们表现的更好一点。And that release in pressure kind of
89 00:05:08 Sally认为相信自己有好运气,Sally suspects a belief in luck
90 00:05:11 比起增加自信更有效...does more
91 00:05:14 这改变了人们的感知。It changes perception.
92 00:05:18 在Sally的实验室中,她让高尔夫球员In her lab,
93 00:05:22 画出自己认为的球洞大小。to draw the size of the hole.
94 00:05:25 这是真实高尔夫球洞的大小,So, this is the actual size
95 00:05:28 所有的击球者都认为All the golfers think
96 00:05:29 球洞看起来比实际尺寸要小。that the hole looks smaller
97 00:05:32 但使用Ben Curtis的推杆的人However, individuals who were
98 00:05:35 会觉得高尔夫球洞大一些。thought the golf hole
99 00:05:37 平均来说,拿着普通球杆的人On average, the golfers
100 00:05:41 会比拿着所谓“幸运”球杆的人see the hole
101 00:05:44 觉得球洞小了11%,and harder to hit
102 00:05:46 而且觉得更难击球入洞。than the golfers with
103 00:05:54 好运只在我们的脑子里吗?Is luck all in the mind?
104 00:05:58 我认为自信占了成功的Confidence is a big
105 00:06:01 一大部分,in anything that you do,
106 00:06:03 当然这根球杆and it is possible
107 00:06:05 让人们在击球中更自信。made people more confident
108 00:06:07 我不会把这个称作运气。I wouldn't necessarily
109 00:06:10 我会称之为I would call it
110 00:06:11 通过某种可控的方式,handling our emotions
111 00:06:13 在做出一些行为时控制自己的情绪与焦虑,
112 00:06:17 以及自己感到的压力。in a way
113 00:06:27 但有个人认为相信自己是幸运的
114 00:06:30 也只能到这种程度。will only get you so far.
115 00:06:34 西北大学的法律学教授,A professor of law
116 00:06:38 又是统计学大师,and a master statistician,
117 00:06:41 Jay Koehler把一切看做是围绕平均值的浮动,Jay koehler sees everything
118 00:06:46 “mean”在这里是平均的意思。The "mean" is another word
119 00:06:49 一个明星球员会有好运的时候也有背运的时候,但其实都是均等的。
120 00:06:55 比如说,一名篮球运动员的3分球命中率是33%,
121 00:06:59 如果他再厉害点,可能能到45%的命中率,
122 00:07:03 但有些时候,他的命中率可能会超过50%,
123 00:07:08 或者也只有35%。or might be more like 35%.
124 00:07:10 这并不代表有什么奇怪的事发生。Nothing unusual is going on.
125 00:07:12 这个球员的命中率只是围绕在均值附近而已。
126 00:07:16 但当一个球员But what's happening
127 00:07:18 来手感的时候发生了什么呢...when a player appears
128 00:07:20 手感能够造就完美的比赛。A spectacularly good run of play?
129 00:07:24 这时有什么超自然现象发生了吗?Is something supernatural
130 00:07:28 手感是一种The hot hand is a phenomenon
131 00:07:30 经过一系列成功后的which temporarily elevates
132 00:07:32 运动水平暂时提高的现象。following a string of successes.
133 00:07:35 有个球员可能会You might have a player
134 00:07:37 一连中七个三分球。who makes seven 3-point shots
135 00:07:41 那么观察者,也可能是他自己And so an observer,
136 00:07:44 会说手感来了。might say he's "hot."
137 00:07:46 但问题是,真的有什么非同寻常的事发生了吗?
138 00:07:50 那么他现在的三分命中率变成了70%,80%,甚至90%吗?
139 00:07:55 答案是不可能的。And the answer is no.
140 00:07:57 Jay研究了Jay ran the numbers
141 00:07:59 NBA最好的三分投手的数据,on the NBA's best
142 00:08:02 想找到关于手感的证据。looking for proof
143 00:08:06 我们发现What we found was that
144 00:08:08 我们看到的连续投中the number of streaks
145 00:08:11 三、四、五、六、七次的概率...three, four, five,
146 00:08:14 基本就是偶然而已。was pretty much what you'd
147 00:08:18 我们也没发现手感来了或没有手感的现象。
148 00:08:26 冠军运动员,Championship athletes,
149 00:08:27 比如这两位西北大学的明星球员,like these two
150 00:08:30 只是比普通人的平均水平高一些,play at a much higher level
151 00:08:33 他们能够持续性的and they consistently perform
152 00:08:35 在自己能力的顶峰附近发挥。near the peak
153 00:08:38 运气在其中称不上某种因素。Luck isn't much of a factor.
154 00:08:40 平均来说,一个命中率50%的投手,
155 00:08:43 也只是中了所有投篮次数的一半。will make
156 00:08:46 对于Jay来说,这表明手感只是幻觉。To Jay, this is proof
157 00:08:53 其他的统计学家也分析了类似的运动,Other statisticians have run
158 00:08:56 得到了同样的结果。and found the same result.
159 00:09:00 如果一个运动员罚球命中率是50%,If a player shoots about 50%
160 00:09:05 对于他来说,罚球是否罚中then for him,
161 00:09:07 就像弹硬币。is like flipping a coin.
162 00:09:11 为了说明我们想要的结果,To illustrate some
163 00:09:14 我们将进行个投硬币实验。we're gonna perform a little
164 00:09:16 Reggie投100次硬币,Reggie is flipping the coin
165 00:09:19 Austin记录结果。and Austin's recording
166 00:09:21 投硬币的结果应该是随机的,The flipping
167 00:09:24 但Reggie一连七次投出了“头像”向上。but then Reggie flips
168 00:09:28 那这样的几率是多大呢?What are the odds of that?
169 00:09:31 七次“头像”向上听起来不可思议,Seven "heads" in a row
170 00:09:33 但要记住,连续七次头朝上but remember,
171 00:09:35 在100次投硬币中出现的概率是很大的。occurred in a larger context...
172 00:09:40 你投掷的次数越多,越可能出现“手感”的现象。
173 00:09:44 如果我们只投掷10次,If we only flip
174 00:09:47 连续七次头朝上的几率the chance of getting
175 00:09:49 只有大约2%。would be somewhere around 2%.
176 00:09:51 但当我们投硬币100次时,But we flipped the coin
177 00:09:53 连续七次头朝上的概率and the chance of getting
178 00:09:54 在100次投掷中会达到31%或32%。out of 100 flips is somewhere
179 00:10:01 这听起来有些颠覆我们的认识,It sounds
180 00:10:05 但其实幸运连击并不是真的幸运。but lucky streaks are not lucky.
181 00:10:08 幸运只是统计上的可能性。They are statistically likely.
182 00:10:10 我们一般会更注意不寻常的事件...We notice patterns
183 00:10:14 比如我们会注意到一个明星球员连续四次的进球,
184 00:10:18 但基本都会忽略But we fail to notice
185 00:10:20 他第五次未进,第六次进了,he misses the 5th shot,
186 00:10:23 第七次没进,却在第八次第九次进了。misses the 7th,
187 00:10:27 这些情况在每个These likely streaks can be seen
188 00:10:30 基于行为的领域中都可以看到,in every
189 00:10:33 从运动到买卖到股票交易。from sports to sales
190 00:10:36 如果去年结果不错,明年可能就不好了。
191 00:10:41 若要出现幸运连击What appears
192 00:10:43 只需要有足够大的样本容量。is only a failure
193 00:10:48 Jay认为这也是And this, Jay says, is why
194 00:10:51 你不必因为成功而沾沾自喜you shouldn't feel too pleased
195 00:10:55 或因失败而气馁的理由。or terrible about your failures.
196 00:11:00 所以当看起来会可能如何时,So, even when something
197 00:11:03 概率会干扰到未来事件,甚至拉向相反方向。
198 00:11:09 Jay认为不断努力尝试才是最重要的。What's important,
199 00:11:14 我们能够控制的因素就是我们做了几次尝试...
200 00:11:19 试着做一件事的次数...How many times
201 00:11:22 我们投了几次球,我们约了几次心仪的女孩。
202 00:11:26 为了成功我们需要冒失败的风险,We have to be willing to risk
203 00:11:29 但有时,无论我们做什么But sometimes,
204 00:11:33 宇宙似乎都另有安排。the universe seems to have
205 00:11:36 我们要如何解释那些令人费解的...How do we explain
206 00:11:39 惊人的巧合或难以置信的幸运?The astonishing coincidences
207 00:11:44 我们生活中有那种力量存在吗?Is some hidden force
208 00:11:50 希腊神话告诉我们有命运三女神...Greek mythology tells
209 00:11:53 克洛索 纺织着生命之线,one goddess spins
210 00:11:56 拉克西斯 丈量生命之线的长短,another measures it,
211 00:11:58 阿特罗波斯 则用剪刀剪断生命之线。and the third cuts it short.
212 00:12:01 也许这的确很好的解释了Maybe that's as good a way
213 00:12:03 交织的命运和偶然的随机性to explain the twists of fate
214 00:12:07 如何掌控我们的生活。that rule our lives.
215 00:12:10 我们需要寻求意义,We have to seek meaning
216 00:12:12 或是活在“嘿,事情发生了”的教条之中。or else live by the doctrine
217 00:12:20 2001年的夏天,On a summer day in 2001,
218 00:12:22 10岁的Laura Buxton10-year-old Laura buxton
219 00:12:25 把她的名字和住址写在了一个气球上,wrote her name and address
220 00:12:28 在花园里放飞了气球。and let it go
221 00:12:31 气球在英国上空飞行了140英里后着陆,The balloon blew 140 miles
222 00:12:36 一位农夫捡到了,大吃一惊,A farmer found it
223 00:12:39 农夫的邻居也有个小女孩...the name
224 00:12:43 她的名字也叫Laura Buxton。Another girl named Laura buxton.
225 00:12:47 仅是一个巧合吗?还是这意味着什么?
226 00:12:53 Tom Griffiths是加州大学伯克利分校的Professor Tom griffiths
227 00:12:56 计算认知科学实验室的主管。of the computational cognitive
228 00:13:01 对于Tom来说,Laura Buxton的故事
229 00:13:04 展现了大自然的力量illustrates the natural
230 00:13:06 和人类理性的软弱。of human reason.
231 00:13:09 如果你问一个人,“某某事发生的可能性有多大?”
232 00:13:11 人们并不善于回答这类问题,That's something that they're
233 00:13:13 人们擅长的是解决问题,People are better
234 00:13:16 先得到一些数据,再对这些数据分析整理,
235 00:13:19 而你必须基于这些信息得出规律。and you have to figure it out based
236 00:13:22 人们只是善于Humans are good
237 00:13:25 关注事件的几个细节而已,at hearing a few details
238 00:13:27 并根据自己的感觉重述故事。and building a story
239 00:13:30 我们却不擅长猜概率...We are less adept
240 00:13:34 某件事多有可能发生。the odds of how likely it is
241 00:13:38 比如说,两个人的生日For example, what are the odds
242 00:13:40 是同一天的概率有多大?of two people having
243 00:13:44 有365个可能的生日,There are
244 00:13:48 365的一半是183,Half of 365 is about 183.
245 00:13:52 所以你可能认为要调查183个人So you might think
246 00:13:56 才能知道两个人before you have a 50/50 chance
247 00:13:58 是同一天生日几率的一半。that two will have
248 00:14:02 实际上,你只需要23个人,In fact, you need just 23.
249 00:14:06 这是成对的关系。It's a matter of pairs.
250 00:14:08 5个人中,会有10种可能的配对方式。With 5 people,
251 00:14:12 10个人就有45种配对方式,With 10, you get 45 pairs.
252 00:14:16 15个人就有105种,With 15, you get 105 paris.
253 00:14:20 如果有23个人,By the time you get
254 00:14:23 把两个人放一起比较的概率就有253种可能,there are 253 different ways
255 00:14:29 这就给了你一个更好的机会giving you better than even odds
256 00:14:31 来计算两个人是同一天生日的概率。two of them will share
257 00:14:35 还不清楚吗?Still confused?
258 00:14:36 不只是你一个。You're not alone.
259 00:14:39 对于这个生日问题的心理学实验表明
260 00:14:41 对于这类问题,that suggests that
261 00:14:43 人们认识不到其中的组合结构...people don't recognize
262 00:14:46 成对数字的增加并不是线性的,This idea that the number of pairs
263 00:14:49 而人们本能的认为So people seem
264 00:14:51 某种关系的增加是线性的,that that relationship
265 00:14:53 就像成对的数字that the number of pairs
266 00:14:55 比如刚才人数的计算,goes as something
267 00:14:57 但结果使我们感到惊讶,And so, as a consequence,
268 00:14:59 一件事发生的机会because there are
269 00:15:00 比我们意识到的可能性要大。for something to happen
270 00:15:03 人类会将周围事物联系起来,Humans see meaningful
271 00:15:07 我们会赋予其某些涵义。but we are the ones
272 00:15:10 实际上地球上有70多亿人,Given the fact that there are
273 00:15:15 我们不可避免的会经历一些it is inevitable many people
274 00:15:17 离奇而又神秘的巧合。will experience weird and
275 00:15:22 给定一个足够大的样本容量,With a large enough sample size,
276 00:15:25 所有可能的巧合都会发生。just about any possible
277 00:15:29 巧合的一个定义是One definition of a coincidence
278 00:15:30 某事发生的可能性是百万分之一。is a thing that happens with
279 00:15:33 那么如果这件事每秒都会发生,So, if you say an event
280 00:15:36 我们一天之中清醒8个小时,这就说明
281 00:15:39 每个月都会发生一次巧合。get about one coincidence
282 00:15:42 根据这种定义,By that definition,
283 00:15:43 Laura Buxton的气球the fact that Laura buxton's balloon
284 00:15:46 穿越英国上空落到另一个Laura Buxton手中found its way across britain
285 00:15:50 只不过是一个巧合,is a coincidence.
286 00:15:54 并没有什么魔力, But it's not magic.
287 00:16:00 我们的大脑会赋予巧合以模式,Our brains look for patterns
288 00:16:04 来形成这个世界运作的理论。to form theories
289 00:16:08 有时候我们会得到错误的结论,Sometimes,
290 00:16:11 但有时候,在巧合中寻找模式But other times,
291 00:16:16 会为我们带来全新的思维。opens up whole new ways
292 00:16:19 这种对固定模式的敏感That sensitivity to patterns
293 00:16:21 会让我们误入歧途,not only sometimes
294 00:16:23 比如当我们考虑某种现象时,when we're trying to think
295 00:16:26 这就可以解释of, what could explain
296 00:16:27 一个孩子在某地放飞了一个气球how a child could release
297 00:16:29 一个叫同样名字的孩子在另外一个地方拿到了这个气球。
298 00:16:32 而这种我们会感到诧异的巧合But the kinds of coincidences
299 00:16:35 其实只是经常发生的而已,are often things
300 00:16:37 也表明了可能存在某些but also suggest
301 00:16:39 创造同步的力量,some other kind of force
302 00:16:41 促成了世间的偶然巧合。that's producing those events
303 00:16:44 世界中充满了The world is filled
304 00:16:45 未知与不确定。with the unknown
305 00:16:49 我们的大脑生来就要弄清一切,Our brains are built
306 00:16:52 但有些事可以弄清,有些却不行,Some things make sense.
307 00:16:56 而我们面对的所有的谜题But of all the mysteries
308 00:16:59 都由一个“织布机”不断编织着...one looms above them all...
309 00:17:02 我们的好运何时会用完呢?When will our luck run out?
310 00:17:05 这个人认为我们能够驾驭This man says we can harness
311 00:17:07 我们对于好运和概率的理解our growing understanding
312 00:17:11 并用来对抗死亡,and use it to beat back
313 00:17:17 如果我们选择相信运气,If we choose to belive in luck,
314 00:17:20 我们也要接受其阴暗面。then we must also accept
315 00:17:23 任何人都可能离死亡只有一步之遥,Any one of us could be
316 00:17:27 人们都想把这一时刻尽可能延后,Most want to postpone
317 00:17:32 我们健康饮食、加强锻炼、避免风险,We may try to eat better,
318 00:17:35 但这有帮助吗?but does it make a difference?
319 00:17:39 我们仍会得到霉运的光顾吗?Or are we all at the mercy
320 00:17:47 David Spiegelhalter是位数学教授,David spiegelhalter is
321 00:17:51 就职于剑桥大学。at the university of Cambridge.
322 00:17:53 他是统计学的权威,He is a guru of statistics
323 00:17:56 也可以说他是位概率王子。or, you might say,
324 00:18:00 可能性确实是个非常狡猾的东西,Probability's
325 00:18:02 人们认为它不直观还很难,People find it unintuitive
326 00:18:04 这是因为它确实又不直观又很难。
327 00:18:07 但这是一项很有意义的工作,But it's really worth struggling
328 00:18:10 因为能够对未来发生的事the approximate rough answer
329 00:18:12 做出一个大概的估计。to things that might happen
330 00:18:15 David认为现代社会对坏运气有些反应过激了。
331 00:18:20 意外事件会极大的吸引媒体目光,Unusual events will get
332 00:18:24 其报道程度会让你认为骑自行车都会丧命。
333 00:18:28 我认为问题在于I think the problem is
334 00:18:30 当我们读报纸或看电视时,that when we read the newspapers
335 00:18:33 我们总能获悉哪些人身上发生了意外。we hear about these terrible
336 00:18:35 不过当然,媒体不会报道平安无事的事情,
337 00:18:38 也不会报道在人们身上没有发生的事,
338 00:18:40 不然就只是无聊的故事了,比如...'cause that would make
339 00:18:42 “今天有一百万个孩子去上学了,没有一个人受伤...”
340 00:18:45 你不可能把这种事放在报纸头条,So you can't put that on
341 00:18:48 意外死亡事件则会被关注,Unusual deaths make the news
342 00:18:51 因为这才让我们感到命运的无法预测。because our fates seem
343 00:18:54 可是通过观察人们的平均寿命,However, by looking
344 00:18:59 David可以准确的预测David can make
345 00:19:01 某人大约什么时候会死亡。about when you're going to die.
346 00:19:03 我出生于50年代早期,When I was born
347 00:19:05 我认为我大概能活到70多岁,I think I could have expected
348 00:19:10 但现在,随着安全与医疗条件的提高,But now, because of the increases in
349 00:19:15 我应该能够活到82岁的平均年龄,you know, I can expect to live,
350 00:19:18 随着年纪越大,你的寿命As you get older,
351 00:19:21 每年都比预期的长3个月。by about three months
352 00:19:22 寿命每年都延长It's quite incredible
353 00:19:24 平均三个月,很让人不可思议,life expectancy goes up,
354 00:19:27 这种情况会持续数十年,and it's been happening
355 00:19:33 当然,我的生活方式决定了Of course, how I live my life
356 00:19:37 我能活到82岁之后还是活不到82岁。
357 00:19:40 如果我吸烟,If I smoke,
358 00:19:41 我基本就活不到82岁,there's a very good chance
359 00:19:44 两根香烟会使你的寿命减少半个小时,Two cigarettes will
360 00:19:49 吸烟者平均一天吸20根烟,The average smoker
361 00:19:53 所以他们每天少活5个小时,也就是一年少活1825个小时,
362 00:20:02 当然你也能延长你的寿命,Of course, you can do things
363 00:20:07 每天跑步半个小时Each regular run of half an hour
364 00:20:10 使你获得额外半小时的生命,will help you gain
365 00:20:13 但是你要花去这半个小时跑步。but you will have spent
366 00:20:18 生活方式会影响我们的寿命,Lifestyle will affect
367 00:20:21 但要记住but it's worth bearing in mind
368 00:20:24 许多数据并没有统计在内。that a lot of statistics
369 00:20:28 每天吃一个培根三明治Eating a bacon sandwich
370 00:20:31 会增加20%患肠癌的风险,is supposed to increase your
371 00:20:35 而在100个人中But around 5 in 100 people
372 00:20:37 只有大约5个人会患肠癌。will get bowel cancer, anyway,
373 00:20:39 这就意味着如果100个人So that means that
374 00:20:41 每天都吃培根三明治,有6个人会患肠癌,
375 00:20:46 所以,这只是100分之一的概率,So, that's only 1 in 100 extra.
376 00:20:48 这个数据其实并不那么糟,That doesn't seem quite so bad.
377 00:20:50 所以我还是可以偶尔吃一个的。So, I think I'm gonna have
378 00:20:53 良好的生活方式会提高存活几率,Living right improves
379 00:20:57 但很有可能意外明天就会发生。but there is no guarantee
380 00:21:06 每过去一年,David死亡的风险就随之增加。
381 00:21:11 那么他如何生活,So how should he live his life,
382 00:21:13 才能知道自己不会出现意外而身亡?knowing random chance
383 00:21:17 他应该像现在这样活着,Should he live for today,
384 00:21:19 还是把自己封闭起来防止任何潜在的危险?
385 00:21:24 David通过一种测量方式David grapples with this problem
386 00:21:27 解决这一问题,即“微死亡”...
387 00:21:30 字面意思就是“死亡的一个微小单位”。
388 00:21:33 一个微死亡相当于One micromort equals
389 00:21:35 一百万分之一的死亡率。a one-in-a-million chance
390 00:21:38 我的一生中,You know, over my lifetime,
391 00:21:40 被陨石砸死的几率是一个微死亡,is I've got about a micromort
392 00:21:43 但我们面对的是日常生活中的死亡风险...
393 00:21:48 比如从梯子上掉下来,You know,
394 00:21:50 或被车碾过去之类的。or getting run over
395 00:21:53 David计算出David calculates
396 00:21:55 你骑马死亡的概率the chance of dying
397 00:21:57 是半个微死亡。is half a micromort.
398 00:22:00 悬挂式滑翔运动有8个微死亡,Hang gliding is
399 00:22:03 登上一座23000英尺的山峰(约7千米高)
400 00:22:07 是43000个微死亡。is 43,000 micromorts.
401 00:22:11 那么什么程度的风险是值得冒的?So, at what point is it worth
402 00:22:16 这要看你年纪有多大。It may depend on
403 00:22:20 平均18岁的人会有500个微死亡的概率The average 18-year-old has
404 00:22:23 在接下来的12个月中死亡,of dying in the next 12 months,
405 00:22:26 而David死亡的概率比这个要高上14倍,but David's odds of dying
406 00:22:31 他经受的风险更多。therefore he might as well
407 00:22:37 无论你是自在生活Whether you take wild chances
408 00:22:38 还是仔细算计,or carefully calculate
409 00:22:40 你总会撞上霉运。you are always at the mercy
410 00:22:47 仅是开车每年你就有40个微死亡的风险。Just driving puts you at
411 00:22:52 我们无法预测未来会发生什么,所以,
412 00:22:55 我们用可能性表示我们不知道的东西。we're open to chance,
413 00:22:58 我们无法逃避,只能试着与之共存。
414 00:23:01 实际上,我认为我们其实挺享受风险的。
415 00:23:02 我们并不想知道We don't want to know
416 00:23:03 未来到底会发生什么,exactly what's gonna happen
417 00:23:05 不然我们会很痛苦。That would be pretty miserable.
418 00:23:09 运气,Luck.
419 00:23:11 在我们的生命中扮演着非常重要的角色,
420 00:23:15 但我们可以更进一步说,But it can run deeper
421 00:23:18 我们的存在甚至就是运气,We may literally
422 00:23:21 我们的DNA中就包含了运气。Perhaps luck is built
423 00:23:32 所有的生物Every living thing
424 00:23:34 都由遵循遗传程序的细胞构成,is made of cells
425 00:23:37 这些程序告诉细胞Those programs tell cells
426 00:23:39 如何组装成树、胳膊、腿这样的东西,how to make things
427 00:23:43 这是生命的奇迹。This is the miracle of life.
428 00:23:46 从微小的DNAFrom tiny bits of DNA
429 00:23:48 形成了优雅、有序而又美妙的自然界。emerges the elegance, order,
430 00:23:53 但在这些生命中,存在着混沌的基本元素——
431 00:23:59 使生命成为可能的运气。a twist of luck that makes
432 00:24:09 Michael Elowitz是一位教授,精通生物学、
433 00:24:13 生物工程及应用物理,bio-engineering,
434 00:24:15 就职于加州理工学院。at the California Institute
435 00:24:18 我们的身体由亿万个So, our bodies are composed
436 00:24:20 单独的活细胞构成,of trillions of individual,
437 00:24:22 通常我们认为这些细胞就像机器,Normally, we think of those
438 00:24:25 它们感知周围的情况,that sense what's around them
439 00:24:27 并恰到好处的响应。and respond at the right way
440 00:24:29 但如果细胞不这么工作呢?But what if cells don't operate
441 00:24:31 如果它们不像仪器设备那样What if they're not
442 00:24:33 以可预测的方式工作呢?that always operate
443 00:24:36 如果细胞真正在做的What if what cells
444 00:24:38 是高效的孤注一掷来找出is effectively rolling the dice
445 00:24:40 它们应该如何对特定环境响应呢?how they're gonna respond
446 00:24:44 细胞中有基因,Cells contain genes,
447 00:24:47 基因控制着蛋白质的产生,and genes regulate
448 00:24:51 蛋白质才使细胞工作,Proteins are
449 00:24:54 让细胞具有多种行为。and behave in different ways.
450 00:24:56 直到最近人们才可以看到Only recently has anyone
451 00:24:59 这项进程是如何进行的。how this process works.
452 00:25:01 这要多亏了一种水母。For that,
453 00:25:06 这种水母含有荧光蛋白基因...Jellyfish contain
454 00:25:09 可以发光的基因。Genes that light up.
455 00:25:11 Michael和他的团队从水母中Michael and his team
456 00:25:14 提取了这些荧光基因,these fluorescent genes out
457 00:25:16 并转入实验室的其他细胞中。and putting them into
458 00:25:20 现在他就能看到基因的激活与沉默情况了。
459 00:25:23 这个显微镜正在四处观察What this microscope does is
460 00:25:26 并对这些细胞拍照,and it takes pictures
461 00:25:28 分别在不同地方拍下蓝色蛋白、and it takes a picture of the
462 00:25:30 红色蛋白和绿色蛋白。and the green protein
463 00:25:32 我们就持续对每一个细胞的生长的分裂And what we do is we keep taking
464 00:25:35 进行拍照跟踪,直到它形成小的细胞集落。
465 00:25:39 最后我们把所有的图片We take all these images,
466 00:25:41 变成一部延时拍摄的影片,and we stitch them together
467 00:25:43 在这些影片中,And in those movies,
468 00:25:44 我们就能知道哪些基因we can follow
469 00:25:46 被打开或关闭,再打开再关闭,is being turned on and off
470 00:25:48 这么一直重复下去。again and again and again.
471 00:25:51 Michael的这些细胞都是一个细胞的克隆,
472 00:25:55 它们的行为They should all behave
473 00:25:57 应该完全一致,in exactly the same way
474 00:26:01 所以,这些细胞应该共同改变颜色。So, these cells should
475 00:26:07 但实际上并没有,But they don't.
476 00:26:08 Michael和他的团队Michael and his team
477 00:26:10 做了上百个实验想要找出原因。are conducting hundreds of
478 00:26:14 它们正在研究多种不同类型细胞的They are studying
479 00:26:16 内部运作方式。of many different types
480 00:26:19 我们构建了一株含有两种颜色的大肠杆菌,We built a strain of E. Coli
481 00:26:23 两种荧光蛋白都以非常相似的方式表达...Both of these colored proteins are
482 00:26:27 细胞并不能加以区分。The cell can't really tell
483 00:26:29 如果一个细胞的荧光蛋白激活,那另一个细胞也应该激活。
484 00:26:32 这些图片中你能看到Here's a picture
485 00:26:34 两种蛋白中的哪一种表达了,how much of one of those
486 00:26:36 这个图里表现出了and here's a picture showing you
487 00:26:38 另一种蛋白质是如何表达的。how much of the other protein
488 00:26:40 令人震惊的是What was really striking is that
489 00:26:42 如果你前放或倒放这些图片,if you flip back and forth
490 00:26:45 你能看到一些细胞的you can see that some cells
491 00:26:47 蛋白质表达量比其他细胞多。a lot more of one protein
492 00:26:49 当红色和绿色通道合并后,When the red and green
493 00:26:53 你看到的是...随机性。you get this... randomness.
494 00:26:56 尽管绿色荧光基因和红色荧光基因
495 00:26:58 是完全以同一种方式调控的,are controlled
496 00:27:01 它们还是随时间随机表达的。they express themselves
497 00:27:08 Michael发现细胞的内部工作方式Michael discovered
498 00:27:11 并非像机器一样有序而又精确。are not orderly, precise,
499 00:27:14 事实上,这就关乎了运气。In fact, it's a matter of luck.
500 00:27:18 当一个细胞激活一个基因These proteins don't trickle out
501 00:27:21 其蛋白表达量并不是恒定的。when the cell turns on a gene.
502 00:27:22 它们会时不时的爆发,They come out in big bursts.
503 00:27:25 你会瞬间得到大量的蛋白质,You get tons of proteins
504 00:27:27 然后又会沉默很长时间。and then nothing
505 00:27:30 这些爆发是随机的,These bursts are random.
506 00:27:31 它们的出现不可预测,They come out
507 00:27:33 甚至细胞本身也无法准确控制Even the cell itself
508 00:27:35 什么时候才表达这些蛋白。exactly when
509 00:27:38 这种混乱的情况在所有生物的细胞中有发现,
510 00:27:42 这似乎是DNA功能的基本组成部分。It seems to be a fundamental
511 00:27:47 你眼睛的颜色,The color of your eyes
512 00:27:48 或是否会患致死性疾病,or whether you get
513 00:27:51 这种疾病是可能是遗传又是随机的。
514 00:27:58 Michael认为细胞内的不可预测Michael believes
515 00:28:02 存在的最基本的原因就是...exists for the most basic
516 00:28:05 生存。Survival.
517 00:28:07 对于细胞来说,这些是生死攸关的问题。For cells, these are
518 00:28:09 如果它们选择表达一些错误的基因,If they choose to express
519 00:28:12 它们就会死掉。they're gonna die.
520 00:28:13 对于细胞生存What's important for them
521 00:28:15 数量至关重要,is to survive
522 00:28:17 数量众多,细胞就能保证As a population,
523 00:28:18 它们能够生存下去,这就需要一些细胞
524 00:28:20 做一项工作,其他细胞做其他工作,do one thing
525 00:28:22 希望至少某一部分细胞and hoping that at least part
526 00:28:24 能够在正确的时间做正确的事。does the right thing
527 00:28:27 如果所有的细胞都做同样的事情,So any strategy which
528 00:28:30 风险将会非常非常高。is very, very risky.
529 00:28:31 这就像赌马,It's a little bit like going
530 00:28:33 你把所有的钱押在一匹马上。and saying you're gonna put
531 00:28:35 赢的话会得到很多,It may pay off very well,
532 00:28:37 但也会输得一干二净。but it also could have a very
533 00:28:39 那么平摊风险则是最保险的,So it can be much more
534 00:28:42 把钱押在不同的赛马上。across many different strategies.
535 00:28:44 生命似乎并不遵循It seems...
536 00:28:48 遗传信息逻辑上的指导。the logical instructions
537 00:28:52 随机性存在于其本质之中。Randomness is built
538 00:28:56 运气和机会并不是真实存在的,Luck and chance
539 00:28:57 没有它们生命也不会存在,Life as we know it really
540 00:29:00 运气是生物体的一部分。Luck is part of our biology.
541 00:29:04 但随机性可能会更加深入事物之中,
542 00:29:07 遗传分子由原子Genetic molecules are made up
543 00:29:11 以及亚原子粒子组成,and sub-atomic particles
544 00:29:13 它们每十亿分之一秒内相互作用数次。
545 00:29:17 运气的真面目The true face of luck
546 00:29:19 可能就隐藏在神秘的量子世界中。may be hidden deep down
547 00:29:26 亚原子世界是不确定的世界,The subatomic world is
548 00:29:32 量子物体,比如电子,Quantum objects, like electrons,
549 00:29:35 可以同时在任何地方...can be in many places at once...
550 00:29:38 直到我们去测量它。Until we measure them.
551 00:29:40 我们的整个宇宙Our entire universe
552 00:29:42 都由量子粒子组成,is constructed
553 00:29:45 那么现实就基于So does reality depend on
554 00:29:48 只有观察时才会显现的不确定的东西吗?
555 00:29:55 如果你能知道每次抛硬币的结果呢?What is you knew how every flip
556 00:30:00 这就可以消除运气的作用了,It would remove
557 00:30:03 你会对所有的结果都很确定。You would always be certain
558 00:30:06 而Andreas Albrecht认为But according
559 00:30:09 大自然不允许这种情况的发生,the chairman of the physics
560 00:30:12 他是加州大学戴维斯分校的物理系主任。
561 00:30:16 Angreas是暴涨理论的奠基者之一,Andreas is one of the founders
562 00:30:19 暴涨理论解释了宇宙的诞生。which explains
563 00:30:23 虽然他研究整个宇宙,But though he thinks big,
564 00:30:25 但他认为所有的东西都可以缩减到he believes all problems
565 00:30:28 量子粒子的大小。to the tiny size
566 00:30:32 从物理学家的角度来说,From a physicist's
567 00:30:34 运气是很真切的。luck is very real.
568 00:30:35 它很真实,是因为It's real because
569 00:30:37 万物都基于量子力学。underlying everything around us
570 00:30:40 随机性是所有原子分子运作的一种方式。Randomness is part of how every
571 00:30:45 我觉得 “哦,如果我能知道确切信息,You know, I think, "oh, if I
572 00:30:48 “只要我知道的足够多,"if I just know enough,
573 00:30:51 那就没什么是随机的了,万物都可以确定了。”
574 00:30:54 但量子理论却对此说“不”。But quantum theory says "no."
575 00:30:57 比如说,刚才的猜硬币。For example, that coin flip.
576 00:31:01 你就要知道空气中Imagine you knew the position
577 00:31:03 和你体内的所有分子的位置...of every molecule in the air
578 00:31:05 所有可能影响结果的物理细节。every physical detail that might
579 00:31:11 猜硬币...是很多东西协同作用的结果,
580 00:31:14 你的手的运动,拇指的运动,Your motion of your hand,
581 00:31:16 你的反射,还有你的神经。your reflexes, and your neurons.
582 00:31:19 放大到神经元内部,You zoom into those neurons,
583 00:31:21 能够发现神经反射and you find your reflexes
584 00:31:24 都基于神经元之间depend on polypeptides
585 00:31:27 多肽的分泌与接收。within the water in your neuron.
586 00:31:29 这些分子在液体中活动,Now, they're bumping around
587 00:31:31 一些被吸收,一些被释放。Some bump in, some bump out.
588 00:31:33 猜硬币随机性的起源就是量子物理。And the origin of that
589 00:31:40 大体计算了In a back-of-the-envelope calculation
590 00:31:42 硬币大小、速度、that estimates coin size, speed,
591 00:31:45 神经递质的不确定性,and neurotransmitter
592 00:31:48 Andreas通过计算这些事件的量子顺序Andreas can show this
593 00:31:52 得出硬币正反面的概率can give the same probability
594 00:31:56 和传统计算一致...仍是二分之一。
595 00:32:00 你永远无法确定硬币落下的方式。You can never be certain
596 00:32:03 这是因为分子的量子不确定性,Down there with the molecules
597 00:32:07 而且无论你知道多少,都无法摆脱不确定性。
598 00:32:10 这就导致了猜硬币的随机性,也造就了你的运气。
599 00:32:13 量子不确定性Quantum uncertainty
600 00:32:16 存在于万物之中,is built into everything,
601 00:32:19 包括你,我,以及海洋中所有的鱼类。including you, me,
602 00:32:22 但对于物理学家来说,这是一个大问题...
603 00:32:26 一个宇宙规模的问题。a universe-sized problem.
604 00:32:28 量子不确定性并不符合于Quantum uncertainty
605 00:32:31 我们对于宏观大尺寸宇宙的理解。with our understanding
606 00:32:35 Andreas协助提出的暴涨理论,Inflation theory, the theory
607 00:32:39 首先就面对了量子物理的高墙。runs face-first
608 00:32:42 宇宙暴涨理论说的是在早期Cosmic inflation theory is
609 00:32:48 宇宙经历了极为快速的膨胀。the universe underwent
610 00:32:52 另一方面,通过对于On the other hand,
611 00:32:56 暴涨如何进行的最简单的假设,Simple assumptions
612 00:32:58 你能预测到宇宙并不只有我们看到的这一个,
613 00:33:03 还有无限多个宇宙。but infinitely many others.
614 00:33:05 暴涨理论告诉我们宇宙并不只有一个,Inflation tells us
615 00:33:10 众多宇宙散播在更为巨大的海洋之上。spread across a vast cosmic sea.
616 00:33:13 这些独立的宇宙肩并肩挨着,These self-contained universes
617 00:33:17 彼此间无法察觉。unseen to each other.
618 00:33:21 对于这只金鱼来说,鱼缸就是它的宇宙,
619 00:33:25 这也是它知道的所有。It's everything it knows.
620 00:33:27 我们认为自己了解了整个宇宙,We think we know
621 00:33:29 观测到了遥远的星星和星系。We see distant stars
622 00:33:31 但现代宇宙理论表明But modern theories
623 00:33:33 我们看到的一切都只是我们的“鱼缸”everything we see could just be
624 00:33:38 还有很多口袋宇宙,and there's many
625 00:33:41 也许是无限多个,存在于宇宙空间中。
626 00:33:44 但由于时空中粒子的But because there are
627 00:33:47 有限排布方式,particles can be arranged
628 00:33:51 遥远的地方可能会有一个口袋宇宙,there may be
629 00:33:53 和我们的这个宇宙很像,far, far away
630 00:33:56 但又有一点不同,but are slightly different.
631 00:33:59 Angreas认为问题在于The problem, Andreas says,
632 00:34:03 如果有无限个宇宙,is that, if there are infinite universes,
633 00:34:07 概率法则是不会相加的。the laws of probability
634 00:34:10 量子测量得到了Quantum measurements estimate
635 00:34:12 粒子具有某些特定属性的可能性。the probabilities of particles
636 00:34:15 如果有无限个宇宙,那么每种可能的测量结果
637 00:34:20 都将会出现,of a measurement is definitely
638 00:34:26 这就导致了数学计算的危机,This leads
639 00:34:29 一旦你有了针对口袋宇宙的理论,Once you have a theory
640 00:34:32 那么你的计算也就不能使用you no longer are able to use
641 00:34:35 在我们宇宙中用来计算的数学方法了。the way we do
642 00:34:38 那么哪一个理论...So, which theory...
643 00:34:40 口袋宇宙,还是量子力学...Pocket universes
644 00:34:44 更像是正确的呢?is more likely to be correct?
645 00:34:46 Andreas认为量子理论可能是更深层次的真理。Andreas says quantum theory
646 00:34:51 我们无法看到其他宇宙,但我们能够看到运气,
647 00:34:56 那么量子可能性So, the quantum probabilities
648 00:34:58 和微观世界and the microscopic nature
649 00:35:00 是我们的运气以及世界中is the source of all our luck
650 00:35:04 不确定性和随机性的来源。and all our randomness
651 00:35:05 我们需要准备好接受所有的可能。We really do need to prepare
652 00:35:08 但还有另一种可能, But there is
653 00:35:12 这种可能也许会改变你看待世界的方式。a possibility that will change
654 00:35:16 这个人认为,According to this man,
655 00:35:18 会有无数个版本的你,there are countless
656 00:35:21 各自拥有不同的命运。with many different fates.
657 00:35:28 你是否想过你的生命会Have you ever wondered how
658 00:35:31 仅仅因为微小的变化而发生转折?if things had happened
659 00:35:34 一个命运的小波折One of two small twists of fate
660 00:35:37 会使你走上另一条完全不同的道路。could have resulted in your
661 00:35:42 也许你在平行宇宙中What if you actually followed
662 00:35:44 经历着所有可能的命运?all of those paths
663 00:35:48 这就会有很多个版本的你存在,There may be many other versions
664 00:35:52 过着不一样的生活。living very different lives.
665 00:36:01 Max Tegmark是麻省理工学院的宇宙学教授,Max tegmark is
666 00:36:05 他坚定的认为He strongly believes
667 00:36:06 运气并不能决定我们的生活,luck does not determine
668 00:36:10 他认为证据就在量子物体The proof, he says,
669 00:36:14 可以同时存在于多处的这一奇怪特性。of quantum objects to exist
670 00:36:19 我们知道基本粒子We know
671 00:36:21 可以同时位于两个地方,can be in two places at once.
672 00:36:23 可我就是基本粒子组成的,But I'm made out
673 00:36:25 那么我也应该能同时位于两个地方。so I should also be able to be
674 00:36:28 量子物体占据着一系列的可能性。Quantum objects occupy
675 00:36:32 在我们测量前它们是波,They look like waves
676 00:36:36 测量时它们又变成粒子。Then they turn into particles.
677 00:36:39 这就说明它们可以同时存在于多处,
678 00:36:43 直到突然变成某些空间固定点。until they suddenly become
679 00:36:47 这种奇怪的行为称作This strange behavior is called
680 00:36:49 “波函数崩溃”。"the collapse
681 00:36:53 Max认为波其实从未崩溃,Max believes the wave function
682 00:36:57 在我们的测量中电子可能存在于某处,
683 00:37:01 但在一系列的平行宇宙中but every other outcome
684 00:37:05 其他的测量结果也会出现,in a series
685 00:37:08 就像是我们宇宙的分支。that branch off from ours.
686 00:37:11 有很多过程,比如当你快速做出决定,There are many processes, like
687 00:37:15 而这个决定只依赖于which might depend on
688 00:37:17 你脑中一个粒子的波动,just what one little particle
689 00:37:20 如果这个粒子同时存在于两个地方,So if that little particle
690 00:37:24 我的生命就分支成了很多条故事线。my life sort of branches out
691 00:37:29 如果量子波从未崩溃,If the quantum wave
692 00:37:34 就说明你有无数个复制体。it means you have
693 00:37:37 它们互相存在于叠加的平行宇宙中,They exist on top of each other
694 00:37:41 这就不是Andreas Albrecht设想的These are not
695 00:37:44 肩并肩的宇宙了。Andreas albrecht imagines.
696 00:37:47 它们则是我们自己宇宙的They are all the possible
697 00:37:50 所有可能的版本。of our own universe.
698 00:37:53 比方说,如果你有几百个Max,So, for example, if you take
699 00:37:57 也有几百个平行宇宙,and any hundred
700 00:38:01 可能性法则告诉我们有些Max可以活100年,the laws of probability tell us
701 00:38:06 而有些已经死了。and some are already dead.
702 00:38:09 Max的命运完全依赖于Max's fate all depends
703 00:38:11 他碰巧活在的量子现实中。on which quantum reality
704 00:38:15 但要注意的是,But here's the catch.
705 00:38:17 他永远无法知道He will never know
706 00:38:19 其他的Max身上都发生什么了。what's happening
707 00:38:25 假设我去睡觉了,还有一个和我一样的克隆,
708 00:38:29 我在这张床上睡着了,and leave one copy
709 00:38:31 另一个我在楼上的这个屋子中睡觉。and another copy
710 00:38:35 你告诉我了这些情况,问我You tell me all about this
711 00:38:37 “Max,你在哪个房间里睡觉?”"where, Max,
712 00:38:39 如果你是我,你会说什么?Well, if you were me,
713 00:38:43 这时两个Max Tegmarks都会醒来,There are gonna be
714 00:38:45 他们看起来都一样,They're both gonna look
715 00:38:47 他们的感觉也一样,They're both gonna feel
716 00:38:49 直到睡觉前的记忆也都一样,They're both gonna have the same
717 00:38:52 每个我都会认为Each of the me's is gonna feel,
718 00:38:54 “嗯,只有我在这个房间里醒来了”..."huh, I have woken up
719 00:38:57 ...我将要看的是房间号,在我看到它之前
720 00:39:02 也处于随机状态,when I go out and look at it.
721 00:39:03 我也不能预测And there's no way for me
722 00:39:05 我看到的房间号会是多少。what that room number is
723 00:39:09 所以我永远无法看到另外的那些Max。So I can never see
724 00:39:13 我注意到的只是明显的随机性。All I notice is
725 00:39:17 Max认为我们都忽视了其他存在的现实,Max believes our
726 00:39:20 而创造了所谓“运气”的幻觉。creates the illusion
727 00:39:24 运气和随机性都不是真的,Luck and randomness aren't real.
728 00:39:27 有些事看来是随机的,Some things feel random,
729 00:39:29 但这都是复制后的自己的but that's just how it
730 00:39:31 主观感觉,whenever you get cloned.
731 00:39:33 你无时无刻不在被复制。And you get cloned all the time.
732 00:39:37 就像有两个我,There are actually
733 00:39:39 每个我都分别经历着一个选择造成的两种结果。
734 00:39:42 如果你赢了轮盘赌,So if you win
735 00:39:44 你的复制体则会输。there's a clone of you who lost.
736 00:39:47 根本没有运气,只有复制而已。There is no luck, just cloning.
737 00:39:52 这种观点听起来很牵强This idea may sound farfetched
738 00:39:55 而且无法证实,and impossible to confirm,
739 00:39:57 但Max并不认为这没有可能。but Max thinks his odds
740 00:40:01 他有一百亿亿分之一的概率He has
741 00:40:04 证明这个理论为真。of proving the theory true.
742 00:40:06 他要做的只是永生。All he has to do is never die.
743 00:40:09 Yeah!
744 00:40:10 假如Max经历了许多灾难,Let's say Max endures
745 00:40:14 每个事件中他有50%的可能性死亡,events that have
746 00:40:18 一个接一个。one after the other.
747 00:40:19 一个平行宇宙中,他死了。In one parallel universe,
748 00:40:22 而另一个他还活着。In other, he lives.
749 00:40:25 如果波没有崩溃,If the wave function
750 00:40:27 那么就会有两个版本的我...then there will be two versions
751 00:40:29 一个是我还活着,另一个我则死了。
752 00:40:32 但只有一个Max具有意识体验。But there will only be on Max
753 00:40:36 随着灾难事件的发生, As the catastrophes continue,
754 00:40:39 Max的多个版本的存活概率the odds of a version of Max
755 00:40:42 从25%掉到12.5%,再到6.25%等等。drop from 25% to 12.5%
756 00:40:50 越来越多的平行世界中的Max死了,In more and more parallel
757 00:40:54 但在一个世界中,他还活着。But in one, he survives.
758 00:40:57 Whoa.
759 00:40:58 这就是我主观意识存在的世界,It's gonna feel subjectively
760 00:41:00 就像是我一直在活着,like I just keep surviving
761 00:41:03 这的确很奇怪。which would feel
762 00:41:06 如果一个版本的MaxIf a version of Max
763 00:41:08 经历了60次致命事件而活了下来,somehow survives
764 00:41:11 那么只有10的九次方的几率there is only
765 00:41:15 证明这个理论是错的。the theory is wrong.
766 00:41:16 不幸的是,最终只有一个Max会知道真相,
767 00:41:21 其他所有的Max则都会死去。The other quintillion minus one
768 00:41:29 那么多重Max Tegmarks是真是假So the reality or unreality
769 00:41:34 仍不得而知。may remain in doubt.
770 00:41:37 这种观点其实表明现实比我们认为的更大,
771 00:41:40 无论何时你输了一局轮盘赌,and that whenever you lose
772 00:41:43 另一个版本的你就会赢,there was another version of you
773 00:41:45 这的确是个听起来很奇怪的观点。is a very weird-sounding idea.
774 00:41:47 但是我们人类又怎么能告诉宇宙如何运作呢?
775 00:41:50 我的职业是物理学家,You know, my job as a physicist
776 00:41:53 并不能把我自己的偏见强加于事实之上,isn't to try to impose
777 00:41:56 但我要仔细观察现实,but to look carefully at reality
778 00:41:58 尝试揭示其中的真相,and try to figure out
779 00:42:00 虽然你会认为这些理论很奇怪。And it seems to be
780 00:42:09 无论只有一个宇宙还是无数个平行宇宙,
781 00:42:14 你不知道你会走上there's no way of knowing
782 00:42:17 所有可能性中的哪一条路。through all
783 00:42:20 你的意识、DNA、Your consciousness, your DNA,
784 00:42:23 以及构成你的所有原子,and the very atoms
785 00:42:26 全都在狂野又无法预测的行进。are all on a wild
786 00:42:31 每一个决定...都是在赌博。And every decision...
787 00:42:35 Translated by Allegro1756Subtitles by MemoryOnSmells

